负载稀土元素活性碳纤维在微型反应器中净化NO废气

以NH3为还原剂,以活性碳纤维（ACF）、HNO,浸渍的ACF、负载CuO的ACF和负载La2O3的ACF为催化剂,在微型反应器中考察各种催化剂对NO催化还原的活性,并进行了差热-热重、扫描电镜分析。实验结果表明,ACF负载La能有效地改善催化剂的活性,且催化活性中心为非晶态的氧化物;当ACF负载20％的La2O3时具有最好的低温活性,NO的去除率最高可达92％以上。     

Sorption and degradation of pesticides in nursery recycling ponds

Knowledge of pesticide distribution and persistence in nursery recycling pond water and sediment is critical for preventing phytotoxicity of pesticides during water reuse and to assess their impacts to the environment. In this study, sorption and degradation of four commonly used pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, and pendimethalin) in sediments from two nursery recycling ponds was investigated. Results showed that diazinon and chlorothalonil were moderately sorbed [K(OC) (soil organic carbon distribution coefficient) from 732 to 2.45 x 10(3) mL g(-1)] to the sediments, and their sorption was mainly attributable to organic matter content, whereas chlorpyrifos and pendimethalin were strongly sorbed (K(OC) > or = 7.43 x 10(3) mL g(-1)) to the sediments, and their sorption was related to both organic matter content and sediment texture. The persistence of diazinon and chlorpyrifos was moderate under aerobic conditions (half-lives = 8 to 32 d), and increased under anaerobic conditions (half-lives = 12 to 53 d). In contrast, chlorothalonil and pendimethalin were quickly degraded under aerobic conditions with half-lives < 2.8 d, and their degradation was further enhanced under anaerobic conditions (half-lives < 1.9 d). The strong sorption of chlorpyrifos and pendimethalin by the sediments suggests that the practice of recycling nursery runoff would effectively retain these compounds in the recycling pond, minimizing their offsite movement. The prolonged persistence of diazinon and chlorpyrifos, however, implies that incidental spills, such as overflows caused by storm events, may contribute significant loads of such pesticides into downstream surface water bodies.     

等离子体脱硫运行参数分析

利用介质阻挡强电离放电产生非平衡等离子体,进行模拟烟气脱硫。通过一次回归正交设计,对影响非平衡等离子体脱硫效率的因素进行了分析,建立了多元线性回归模型,分析了因子的主次,并得到了实验指标和各因子之间的定量规律。通过对模型的优化,获得了使脱硫率较高的各因素的最优组合。     

太湖水土界面氮磷交换通量的时空差异

利用原柱样静态释放实验及间隙水分子扩散模型对太湖典型草型湖区(东太湖)及藻型湖区(梅梁湾)的氮磷释放通量进行了逐月研究.原柱样氮磷静态界面交换通量(F_i)在同一湖泊不同生态类型湖区有差异性,东太湖氨态氮和可溶性磷酸盐的年平均交换通量分别为(44.9±21.9)mg·(m²·d)^-1(平均值±标准偏差)和(2.06±1.71)mg·(m²·d)^-1,梅梁湾为(16.2±12.0)mg·(m^-1·d)^-1和(0.53±0.52)mg·(m²·d)^-1.2湖区的分子扩散通量(F_m)同样表现为这样的差异,但是其绝对值与静态释放通量相比有数量级的差异,该模型不能用于太湖这样风浪显著且底栖生物活性较高的湖泊水土界面氮磷营养盐交换通量的估算.仅从不同生态类型的湖区比较结果看,草型湖区比藻型湖区有更高的氮磷交换通量.F_i/F_m比值作为1种反映底栖生物活性的指标反映出东太湖有更高的底栖活性.在水体溶解氧水平通常保持在较高的水平,即好氧状态下,氮磷界面交换通量与溶解氧水平(DO)无显著相关.同样,在现有浓度水平下,其水土界面交换通量与水体氮磷浓度无显著相关.东太湖较高的释放通量与相对较低的水体营养盐负荷的差异来自于大型水生植被的消浪促沉降及其本身的吸附吸收作用,这是恢复水生植被以重建健康水生生态系统的重要理论依据.     

土工膜渗漏定位方法研究

对偶极子法电极形状和外形尺寸以及其他影响定位的因素进行了深入研究.结果表明:偶极子的检测电压与偶极子的外形尺寸关系不大.偶极子检测电压最大值出现在偶极子中心与漏洞的距离等于偶极子间距的1/2处,并且偶极子的间距越大,检测电压越高.偶极子下沿距离HDPE膜越近,检测电压变化越明显.在多漏洞的情况下,当偶极子的间距小于漏洞间距时,2个漏洞都能被检测出来;当2个漏洞间距小于偶极子间距时,将可能漏检1个漏洞.膜上供电电极的位置对漏洞定位有一定的影响,在测量时应尽可能将供电电极远离测量区.      

燃烧过程颗粒物的形成及我国燃烧源分析

燃料燃烧会排放一次颗粒物和二次颗粒物,一次颗粒物中亚微米粒子主要是由于无机矿物质经蒸发-成核-凝结-凝并的途径形成的;超微米颗粒的产生不同于亚微米颗粒的形成,是由于破碎机理.二次颗粒物是由气态前驱体在大气中转化而成的.我国燃烧源主要是煤燃烧、燃油机动车和农村生活燃料等.深入认识颗粒物的形成及燃烧源的特征对有效控制颗粒物的排放是很有帮助的.     

人工浮床栽培7种植物在富营养化水体中的生长特性研究

本研究利用人工浮床在富营养化水体栽培了7种植物,成活率都在70%以上,2个月的生长期内生物的生长量都超过20kg鲜重/m2.浮床栽培芦苇的净化效果最好,每平方米的芦苇浮床可以使117.93 m3的水从V类水质净化为Ⅲ类水质(以总磷计),其次分别为荻、水稻、蕹菜、牛筋草、香蒲和美人蕉.对蕹菜和水稻植株的检测表明,分别作为蔬菜和青饲料完全符合国家有关卫生标准.     

铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥的再生利用研究

对混凝法处理铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥再生利用进行了研究,得到了适宜的操作条件.结果表明,用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为0.14～0.16 mL/g湿污泥,湿污泥的溶解率可达90%,铝的溶出率也可达95%以上.把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于印染废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果,其COD去除率≥80%,脱色率≥90%.实现了资源的二次利用,改善了作业环境,获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

广东"十一五"奏响可持续发展强音

《中共广东省委关于制定全省国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》指出,要坚持继承、创新、提高、发展,科学总结过去、谋划未来。其中,有关可持续发展和建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会等内容将开启和谐社会之门。 《建议》在正式向社会公布后,立即引起社会各界的广泛关注。未来广东,如何谋求经济发展模式之变？如何应对城镇化进程加快带来的环境压力？ 本期特推出“广东‘十一五’：奏响可持续发展强音”嘉宾访谈。[编者按]     

Alteration of dominant cyanobacteria in different bloom periods caused by abiotic factors and species interactions

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide. Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months. To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms, the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom. The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis, dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016, which is less mentioned in previous studies. When the temperature of the water began increasing in July, Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M. aeruginosa in NO₃^?-rich conditions. Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August. Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system. Besides, species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms, especially the prokaryotes, also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis. The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature, TDN forms as well as the species interactions. These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.