Designing individualisation of eco information: a conceptual framework and design toolkit

Eco-labelling is the practice of eco information provision that most directly addresses consumer behaviour. Nowadays, consumers are facing difficulties in perceiving and understanding existing eco labels. In previous work, we proposed the conceptual framework of eco information individualisation which tailors eco labels according to the specific needs of individual users using contextual technologies. This paper extends the conceptual framework by introducing a more structured way of considering the personal data and product data requirements, and reports the development of a design toolkit that aims to support designers in the designing of individualised eco information. A design workshop was carried out to introduce the concept to designers, and evaluate the usability and usefulness of the toolkit. Positive responses were received. The design outputs generated from the workshop were considered largely feasible and have the potential to be developed into digital prototypes. These indicate that it is possible for designers to learn to design eco information individualisation in a short time. This paper is a step towards a greater understanding of designing individualised eco information.     

塑胶跑道中有机磷酸酯的含量及健康风险

采用超声萃取-层析净化-气相色谱/质谱联用仪定量分析塑胶跑道中7种有机磷酸酯(OPEs),方法回收率为71.41%~110.58%,标准曲线相关系数r0.99,质控良好.采集并分析了成都市12个学校内的塑胶跑道样品中OPEs的含量及分布.结果表明2/3学校内的塑胶跑道样品中检出了OPEs,其中磷酸三正丁酯[tri-n-butyl phosphate,TnBP]、磷酸三异辛酯[tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate,TEHP]的检出率较高,而磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯[tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,TCEP]、磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯[tridichloropropyl phosphate,TDCPP]、磷酸三苯酯[triphenyl Phosphate,TPh P]在所有样品中均未检测到.Σ7OPEs含量范围为ND~534.89 ng·g~(-1),其中单体含量最高的是TnBP(ND~462.18 ng·g~(-1)).一个样品中检出了毒性较大的氯代磷酸酯-TCPP[trichloropropyl phosphate],含量为205.94 ng·g~(-1).成人和儿童通过皮肤接触摄入的Σ7OPEs日均暴露剂量(以bw计)最高,分别为0.14 ng·(kg·d)~(-1)和0.64 ng·(kg·d)~(-1),儿童的日均暴露剂量明显高于成人.成人及儿童的风险熵值(RQ)为10~(-7)~10~(-5).建议政府对塑胶跑道中OPEs使用量及添加种类进行管控,以更好地保护人群健康.     

牡丹江西阁至柴河大桥江段水环境总量及其分配优化方案研究

牡丹江流域西阁至柴河大桥70公里江段是牡丹江市区、宁安市、海林市3个重要控制单元所在地,也是牡丹江流域水质较差的江段,研究此江段各排污口COD、氨氮总量分配方案具有重要意义。通过对牡丹江西阁至柴河大桥江段排污口分布及排污情况调查,建立该江段COD、氨氮输入-响应模型,该模型充分考虑了河网、水下地形、冰盖的影响,并进行预测,对沿江排污口总量进行分配及治理方案优化设计,对治理方案进行可行性分析,为牡丹江总量分配和环境管理提供依据。     

水资源规划优化技术研究进展及展望

文章针对水资源管理与规划的发展过程,详细论述了水资源系统管理与规划中常用优化技术的国内外研究成果及应用。根据是否考虑了模型参数或者模型结构的不确定性问题,将优化模型分为确定性优化模型和不确定性优化模型,同时对每种优化技术做了简要介绍,通过对不确定性优化模型的详细介绍指出了不确定性优化是当前水资源系统优化的热点;同时指出当前不确定性优化技术存在的问题,未来不确定性优化技术发展方向为多种不确定性以及多重效益的综合考虑等。     

总有机碳分析仪测定水中的游离二氧化碳

利用总有机碳分析仪、结合酸化吹气装置对水样中的游离二氧化碳的测定条件进行试验。结果表明水浴温度80℃,流量150 ml/min通氮气30 min为水样释放游离二氧化碳的最佳条件。总有机碳分析测定水中游离二氧化碳含量方法的建立为水质分析提供了新的方法参考。     

城市污泥掺烧自动化搅拌输送系统的应用

对城市污泥掺烧自动化搅拌输送系统进行了详细介绍,这套系统在国内是首次将混凝土搅拌设备应用到污泥掺配上,提高了原煤与污泥搅拌的均匀性,减少了原煤掺配量,污泥运到电厂后直接进入搅拌输送系统,不需二次搬运。该系统对于改进城市污泥掺烧应用工艺方法,提高工作效率、减轻劳动强度、保护环境作用十分明显,有可观的推广价值。     

重金属污染河道底泥稳定化固化修复工程技术研究

介绍了某市排污渠重金属污染治理工程中对重金属污染底泥稳定化固化处理技术的研究,研究了不同添加比的水泥对砾砂质和黏质底泥中重金属的无害化处理效果及规律,介绍了固化稳定化工艺流程和设备,可供国内同类工程项目借鉴。     

Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production

Microalgae as a main feedstock has attracted much attention in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to high algal culture cost. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive eco-friendly technology for cultivating microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis using aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production. Platymonas subcordiformis was grown in pretreated flounder aquaculture wastewaters taken from different stages. Each of wastewater contained different levels of nutrients. The biomass yield of microalgae and associated nitrogen and phosphorous removal were investigated. The results showed that algal cell density increased 8.9 times than the initial level. Platymonas subcordiformis removed nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with an average removal efficiency of 87%-95% for nitrogen and 98%-99% for phosphorus. It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to algal biomass and biofuel production. However, further studies are required to make this technologies economically viable for algae biofuel production.     

绿化植物对城市空气悬浮颗粒物消减效应的研究进展

空气颗粒物对城市环境质量和人群健康的影响越来越受到社会各界的关注和重视,绿化植物能通过捕获、滞留和吸收等各种方式对空气颗粒物起到消减作用.本文在对绿化植物对空气颗粒物消减机制阐述的基础上,比较分析了不同形态特征和生态习性的绿化植物以及不同配置结构的城市绿地对空气颗粒物的消减差异,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

中国出口木质林产品的碳足迹特征分析

国际贸易中产品碳排放的转移问题已经成为全球温室气体控制的热点领域之一。基于生命周期分析方法,从出口产品的数量结构、碳足迹总量和碳足迹强度3个方面对我国出口贸易中木质林产品的碳足迹特征进行了分析。研究结果表明,2011年我国主要出口的木质林产品是包括木家具、胶合板、纸和纸板、纸制品、纤维板、木制品和印刷品在内的中级加工和深加工产品,我国属于木材加工出口国;在我国出口的木质林产品中,相对于初级加工的资源型木材产品,中级加工和深加工产品的碳足迹总量和碳足迹强度较大。因此,针对于产品碳足迹设立的碳关税和碳标签制度在一段时间内可能会成为我国木质林产品出口的绿色贸易壁垒,而其中对木家具,木制品和纸制品等深加工产品的影响最为显著。