Heavy metal contamination in a vulnerable mangrove swamp in South China

Concentrations of six heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in sediments and fine roots, thick roots, branches, and leaves of six mangrove plant species collected from the Futian mangrove forest, South China were measured. The results show that both the sediments and plants in Futian mangrove ecosystem are moderately contaminated by heavy metals, with the main contaminants being Zn and Cu. All investigated metals showed very similar distribution patterns in the sediments, implying that they had the same anthropogenic source(s). High accumulations of the heavy metals were observed in the root tissues, especially the fine roots, and much lower concentrations in the other organs. This indicates that the roots strongly immobilize the heavy metals and (hence) that mangrove plants possess mechanisms that limit the upward transport of heavy metals and exclude them from sensitive tissues. The growth performance of propagules and 6-month-old seedlings of Bruguiera gymnorhiza in the presence of contaminating Cu and Cd was also examined. The results show that this plant is not sufficiently sensitive to heavy metals after its propagule stage for its regeneration and growth to be significantly affected by heavy metal contamination in the Futian mangrove ecosystem. However, older mangrove seedlings appeared to be more metal-tolerant than the younger seedlings due to their more efficient exclusion mechanism. Thus, the effects of metal contamination on young seedlings should be assessed when evaluating the risks posed by heavy metals in an ecosystem.     

Distribution, accumulation and mobility of mercury in superficial sediment samples from Tianjin, northern China

Seventeen sediment samples at three representative sites (the Yuqiao Reservoir, the Haihe River and the Haihe River Estuary) in Tianjin, northern China, were analyzed to investigate the pollution status, accumulation and mobility of mercury (Hg). The results show that the Haihe River has to be considered as moderate to strongly contaminated with Hg (2 < mean I(geo) = 2.35 < 3), where total Hg contents were ca. 3 to 24 orders of magnitude greater than the regional background value. The sediments collected near a coal-fired power plant in an urban area were found to have very high Hg concentrations, which were significantly related to Hg emissions from coal-fired utility boilers. In the Yuqiao Reservoir, the surface sediments have to be considered as unpolluted with Hg (mean I(geo) = -0.05 < 0) and the Haihe River Estuary sediments have to be considered as unpolluted to moderately polluted with Hg (0 < mean I(geo) = 0.18 < 1). Sediment-bound Hg in the Yuqiao Reservoir and the Haihe River Estuary was found to be predominantly associated with the organo-chelated phase of the sediment (38.3% and 50.5%, respectively). However, unlike the Yuqiao Reservoir and the Haihe River Estuary, Hg in the Haihe River sediments existed mainly as sulfide Hg and elemental Hg, which accounted for 54.2% and 30.7% of total Hg, respectively. The availability of this element seemed restricted. The majority of Hg contamination in the Haihe River sediments had been attributed to historic and modern atmospheric deposition and Hg released from the Haihe River sediments didn't seem to be an important pollutant pathway into the Haihe River Estuary. The results provide new insights into Hg contamination in this region.     

应用自动识别和定量系统评价两种污水再生工艺对微量有机污染物的去除效果

采用气质联用分析,并结合自动识别与定量系统(AIQS-DB)考察2种再生水厂采用的深度处理工艺对微量有机污染物的去除效果。结果表明,以污水为原水的膜生物反应器(MBR)+臭氧氧化+生物活性炭滤池(BAC)工艺用于再生水生产,MBR工艺对有机污染物的去除起主要作用;城市污水厂二级出水为原水的混凝沉降+浸没式超滤(SMF)/连续微滤(CMF)+部分反渗透(RO)+臭氧氧化工艺用于再生水生产,其SMF和CMF工艺段的膜截留作用均可有效消减有机污染物含量,SMF的效果优于CMF;2种工艺中采用的臭氧技术都能进一步加强部分物质的去除效果。气质联用结合AIQS-DB可用于再生水中污染物的筛查和不同污水再生工艺对微污染物消减效果的评价。     

羽毛角蛋白的生物降解

羽毛角蛋白是自然界中丰富的蛋白资源,由于其难以被解解而造成环境污染,近些年来对它的生物降解及有关角蛋白酶的研究取得了一定进展,对此作一简要综述。     

对西北地区冰雹影响因子的探讨

利用1971～2000年西北185站3～9月逐月和年冰雹次数,分析了其空间分布特征和时间演变规律.西北年冰雹次数有三个中心,一个在青海的曲麻莱为19.6次,另一个在新疆西部的昭苏为17.6次,第三个在青海的刚察为12.7次.冰雹主要出现在6～8月,总站次的月变化呈单峰型,最大值出现在6月为20.5次,其次是7月为17.8次,再是8月为14.4次.总站次的历年变化呈现下降趋势,这与该地区平均气温的历年变化呈现出相反的趋势.冰雹次数与拔海高度呈显著的正相关,相关系数高达0.783 9;年冰雹次数与年平均气温呈显著的负相关,相关系数高达-0.701 6;年降水量与年冰雹次数呈正相关,降水量大,年冰雹次数也多.     

不同碳源对两株真菌纤维素酶合成的诱导和调控

定时测定B-6(Aspergillus sp.)、AS3.3711(Trichoderma sp.)在各类碳源中的纤维素酶活力，结果发现，酶的合成受培养基中碳源性质的调节控制。结构相对完整的纤维类物质（α-纤维素粉、微晶纤维素）诱导活性较高，电泳结果表明，纤维素酶系是协同表达的，但酶系各组分的百分比在不同的诱导条件下却各不相同。在测定糖耗与酶活力的关系中发现纤维二糖直接诱导B-6纤维素酶的合成，对AS3.3711则起了间接诱导作用，其经菌体代谢后的某种转化产物才是AS3.3711纤维素酶合成的真正诱导源。图6表1参14     

几种天然矿物去除苯酚效果及日光光解效应评价

本文以四种天然矿物为受试矿物,评价了它们去除苯酚的效果,以及日光光解放应及温度,ＰＨ值,矿物浓度,苯酚初始浓度对去除效果的影响。     

有机化学品生物富集因子定量结构-活性关系模型

依据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)关于定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)模型构建和使用导则,将780个有机化合物,以4:1的比例随机划分为训练集(624个化合物)和验证集(156个化合物),通过多元线性回归(MLR)方法构建了一个包含12个描述符的有机化合物鱼类生物富集因子(BCF)的QSAR模型。QSAR模型的调整决定系数R2ad j=0.809,去一法交叉验证系数Q2LOO=0.803,外部验证系数Q2EXT=0.732,表明模型具有较好的拟合优度、稳健性和预测能力。采用欧几里德距离方法表征模型应用域,通过威廉姆斯图分析模型离群点,并对模型进行机理解释。所构建的模型,可以用于预测应用域内有机化学品的生物富集因子。     

广西桂东北地区农业土壤环境若干重金属元素背景值的调查

应用分层抽样统计方法,调查研究广西桂东北地区农业土壤环境Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、As、Cr、Hg等8种重金属元素背景值,并分别求算出各元素背景值95％的置信区间。经方差分析,各成土母质间几种元素背景值都有不同程度差异。探讨了该区域农业土壤元素背景值与世界土壤、地壳丰度和国内土壤元素背景值的差异,为开展农业环境科学研究提供依据。     

刺茶美登木的化学成分研究

从刺茶美登木地上部分的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了27个化合物:prinsepiol(1),( )-松脂醇(2),(-)-松脂醇(3),(-)-丁香树脂醇(4),( )-cycloolivil(5),(-)-橄榄树脂素(6),1-羟基-松脂醇(7),ilelatifolD(8),东莨菪素(9),β-香树素乙酸酯(10),α-香树素乙酸酯(11),fupenzicacid(12),( )-儿茶素(13),secoisolariciresinol(14),软脂酸-1-甘油单酯(15),植物醇(16),咖啡酸(17),3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸(18),(-)-massoniresinol(19),tanegool(20),β-谷甾醇(21),羽扇豆醇(22),白桦酯醇(23),β-胡萝卜甙(24),齐墩果酸(25),熊果酸(26)和(-)-橄榄树脂素乙酸酯(27).图1表1参34