高浓度豆制品废水预处理实验研究

对高浓度豆制品废水的预处理方法作了实验研究。采用调节等电点酸沉降的方法回收蛋白质,然后用聚合硫酸铁化学混凝处理上清液以降低COD的含量。实验证明了方法的可行性并得出了最佳实验条件。     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.     

Spatial heterogeneity of cyanobacterial communities and genetic variation of Microcystis populations within large, shallow eutrophic lakes (Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, China)

Cyanobacteria, specifically Microcystis, usually form massive blooms in eutrophic freshwater lakes. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from eight sites of both Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu in late summer to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of cyanobacteria and Microcystis in large, shallow, entropic lakes with significant spatial heterogeneity and long-term Microcystis bloom. Molecular methods based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis were used. A similar heterogeneous distribution pattern of cyanobacteria in both lakes was observed. Most parts of these two lakes with high trophic level were dominated by Microcystis. However, in the regions with low trophic levels as well as low concentrations of chlorophyll a, Synechococcus occupied a considerable percentage. Different morphospecies and genotypes dominated the bloom-forming Microcystis populations in these two lakes. Microcystis viridis and Microcystis novacekii were dominant in Lake Chaohu, whereas Microcystis flos-aquae was dominant in Lake Taihu. Only 2 of the13 Microcystis operational taxonomic units were shared between these two lakes. Analysis of molecular variance based on 16S to 23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated the significant genetic differentiation of Microcystis between these two lakes (F_st = 0.19, p < 0.001). However, only 19.46% of the genetic variability was explained by the population variation between lakes, whereas most (80.54%) of the genetic variability occurred within the lakes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no phylogeographic structure of Microcystis population in these two lakes, as illustrated by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results revealed that spatial heterogeneity within lakes has more impact on the cyanobacterial diversity than geographical isolation in a local scale.     

金刚石膜电极消毒处理医院污水的试验研究

以掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极的自制电解槽装置处理医院污水的消毒效果。在全回流处理模式下消毒处理医院废水,采用多管发酵法测定粪大肠菌群数。掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极,在电极间距为2mm、医院污水Cl-浓度为200mg/L、pH值在7.0～8.0范围内、电流密度8mA/cm2、接触时间≥9s的条件下,对医院污水粪大肠菌群的去除率最佳,出水满足《医疗机构污水排放标准值》粪大肠菌群数均不得超过500MPN/L。掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极的自制电解槽装置处理医院污水不需要添加化学药剂,对粪大肠菌群消毒效果好。     

Fluorescently visualizing the penetration of anionic surfactants across cytoplasmic membrane and the subsequent damage on human cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The extensive application of chemically synthesized anionic surfactants would cause serious pollution of water and increase health risk to humans....     

Interactions between tannins allelochemicals and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of Microcystis aeruginosa

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The protective mechanism of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secreted by a harmful cyanobacteria against tannins allelochemicals was explored...     

中国环境管理干部学院院训的内涵与作用分析

1987年曲格平同志为中国环境管理干部学院（以下简称学院）提出＂团结、严谨、求实、创新＂的院训,其中团结是前提,严谨是基础,求实是关键,创新是灵魂。20多年来,全院师生员工践行院训精神,加强团结,严谨治学,求实进取,开拓创新,促进了学院的建设与发展,培养了大批人才,积累了丰硕的教学科研成果。     

宜昌地区中低空风速变化特征分析

利用宜昌1958—2013年逐日探空风资料,通过趋势系数、滑动t检验和小波分析等方法,分析宜昌中低空规定高度平均风速的时间变化,并和同期地面风速变化进行对比。结果表明：1）500和1 000 m高度月平均风速变化均呈双峰曲线,1 500和2 000 m月平均风速变化趋势较为一致,3 000 m月平均风速波动较大。2）从季节分布来看,500~2 000 m平均风速均为春季最大,3 000 m平均风速冬季最大;不同高度层季平均风速随高度上升增幅不同。3）500 m年和四季平均风速的年际变化最剧烈;500~2 000 m,年平均风速的离差系数随高度上升明显减小。4）1971—2013年,宜昌地面10、 500、 2 000、 3 000 m年平均风速显著减小;1 000和1 500 m年平均风速略有增大但未通过显著性检验。5）宜昌中低空平均风速主要经历了20世纪80年代由下降到上升和90年代由上升到下降的突变;冬季平均风速的突变次数最多,夏季平均风速突变次数最少;各高度年、季平均风速的突变次数随高度上升而减少。6）各高度普遍存在8~14 a的较长周期和2~4 a的较短周期,其中较长周期主要出现在夏、秋季,较短周期主要出现在春、冬季。     

稻瘟酰胺在水/沉积物中的降解及生物富集性研究

稻瘟酰胺是一种新型内吸型杀菌剂,其在水体环境中的归趋备受关注。采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了稻瘟酰胺在水-沉积物中的降解特性和在斑马鱼中的生物富集性。结果表明,在水-沉积物降解中,好氧条件下河流与湖泊水-沉积物系统中农药总量的降解半衰期分别为169.1、60.3 d,厌氧条件下的降解半衰期分别为173.3、126.0 d,湖泊体系的降解速率快于河流体系。稻瘟酰胺在水-沉积物体系中主要存在于沉积物中,系统降解速率主要受沉积物中的降解速率影响。稻瘟酰胺在斑马鱼中的生物富集系数BCF_(8d)达64.8~189.1,具有中等富集性。稻瘟酰胺在水体环境中具有较强稳定性,且具有一定的生物富集性,可能会对水体和水体生物造成一定的污染影响。     

塑料企业周边水体中多溴联苯醚的污染特征

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一种新型的持久性有机污染物(POPs)。采用固相萃取-气相色谱法测定了某塑料企业周边及当地自然水体中的PBDEs浓度,主要针对BDE~(-1)7、28、47、66、85、99、100、138、153、154、183、203及BDE-209共13个PBDE同系物的浓度水平、组成分布和污染特征进行分析。结果显示,使用企业周边水体中除BDE-203在水体中未检出外,其余12种PBDE同系物均有不同程度的检出。Σ13PBDEs质量范围处于未检出~363 ng·L~(-1),各同系物的平均质量浓度为未检出~42.6ng·L~(-1)。其中BDE-209为最大检出质量丰度同系物,但其检出率仅为25.0%,检出率较高的同系物是BDE~(-1)7、BDE-28和BDE~(-1)00,检出率分别为75.0%、75.0%、58.3%,低溴代联苯醚的检出率显著高于高溴代联苯醚。当地自然水体中13种PBDEs均有不同程度的检出,检出浓度在0.161~1.83 ng·L~(-1)。企业周边水体中PBDEs的污染水平显著高于自然水体,是自然水体浓度的5~100倍。因此,企业周边区域水体中PBDEs的污染情况应引起相关部门关注。