Enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms--an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic,subtropical Chinese lake

To clarify the possible influence of Microcystis blooms on the exchange of phosphorus (P) between sediment and lake water, an enclosure experiment was conducted in the hypereutrophic subtropical Lake Donghu during July-September 2000. Eight enclosures were used: six received sediment while two were sediment-free. In mid-August, Microcystis blooms developed in all the enclosures. There was a persistent coincidence between the occurrence of Microcystis blooms and the increase of both total P (TP) and soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in the water of the enclosures with sediments. In sediment-free enclosures, TP and SRP concentrations remained rather stable throughout the experiment, in spite of the appearance of Microcystis blooms. The results indicate that Microcystis blooms induced massive release of P from the sediment, perhaps mediated by high pH caused by intense algal photosynthesis, and/or depressed concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N).     

微生物沥浸法去除底泥中的重金属

以硫酸亚铁盐为底物,培养以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为主要菌种的土著沥滤微生物,采用批式方法对湘江长沙段底泥进行微生物沥浸实验。实验结果表明,底物投加量与底泥固体浓度比(Sd/Sc)为1.5时已能满足底泥的微生物沥浸要求,进一步研究发现底泥固体浓度为13%、底物投加量为19.5 g/L、沥浸时间为6 d时,底泥中超标重金属Cd、Zn和Cu的去除率可分别达到83.1%、75.3%和61.2%;沥浸后底泥中大部分重金属以残渣态存在,且含量低于农用污泥中污染物控制标准,其中硫化物有机结合态Cu浸出较Zn、Cd需更低的pH,且Cu以间接机理浸出为主;以Fe2+为底物的沥浸体系中,黄铁矾的重吸附或共沉淀是沥浸实验后期重金属浸出率下降的原因之一。     

湿地稻-鸭复合生态种养对甲烷菌种群数量影响的研究

采用厌氧培养箱技术．用最大或然数计数(MPN)法测定稻一鸭复合种养对水稻不同生育期土壤中的产甲烷菌种群数量的影响。结果表明,稻田土壤中产甲烷菌数量的变化规律与稻田甲烷排放的季节变化规律基本一致,早稻田土壤中菌数高峰期出现在孕穗期．晚稻田土壤中菌数高峰期出现在分蘖盛期。实行稻-鸭复合种养,显著降低了稻田土壤中甲烷细菌种群的数量。特别是减少了甲烷排放高峰期的甲烷细菌憨量。早稻田和晚稻田产甲烷菌种群数量分别比对照田降低20%-96．9％和94．3％～95．8％,且两系统土壤中甲烷细菌数量的差异达1％的显著水平。     

臭氧化对垃圾填埋场后期渗滤液的预处理研究

应用自制微孔扩散式接触反应器，考察了不同pH条件下垃圾填埋场后期渗滤液的臭氧化预处理效果。结果表明，渗滤液初始pH值升高，臭氧利用率增大，垃圾渗滤液中COD、腐殖酸的去除速率加快；当初始pH为10时，经臭氧化处理120min后，模拟废水的BOD5／COD可从初始的0．17提高到0．36，改善了废水的可生化性，同时渗滤液的色度、浊度、腐殖酸和SS也有较高的去除率。     

The effect of fetal gender on nuchal translucency at 10–14 weeks of gestation

Recent data have suggested that fetal nuchal translucency (NT) is affected by fetal gender. We investigated the size of this effect in 12 189 unselected pregnancies with known normal outcomes that had undergone NT measurements between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. NT increased with gestation and was converted to multiples of the median (MoM) for the gestational day. The median NT MoM (95% CI) for female fetuses was 0.98 (0.97–0.99). This was significantly lower than that of the male fetuses (1.03; range1.02–1.04) (p<0.0005; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The gender difference was not observed at 10 weeks but was observed from 11 weeks onwards. There is no obvious explanation for the above findings. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制与效益分析——以湖南为例

以湖南为例从分散蓄水与扩容蓄水、即时蓄水与重复蓄水、分级截流与设阻截流等角度,分析了稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制,得出湖南宜鱼稻田87.0万hm2,以蓄水30cm计算可蓄存107.9亿m3.通过重复蓄水、设阻蓄水,接纳多次降雨洪水,调节水分时空分布,创造减灾避灾的人工生态防灾系统,形成多物种共生共存的农田湿地生态系统,提高农田生态经济效益.     

桂林地区大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)工业排放源清单

通过现场勘测以及走访调研的形式,获得桂林地区2011至2013年工业生产情况统计,参照国内外相关文献资料确定排放因子,并通过数据处理得到桂林地区工业排放源清单。结果表明,近三年桂林地区工业污染源年均向大气排放细颗粒物(PM2.5)10 751.01 t,其中以兴安县贡献量最大,达到5 024.92 t;永福县次之,为2 924.31 t。在企业类型中,以火力发电企业、水泥及砖瓦厂对桂林地区大气排放细颗粒物的贡献量较大,分别为2 540.81、6 544.51和555.13 t。同时,桂林地区以煤炭作为主要燃料,其对大气排放细颗粒物的年均贡献量达到2 672.17 t。     

蔗渣生物炭对砖红壤吸附氧氟沙星的影响

以热带农业废弃物甘蔗渣为前驱材料,在3种裂解温度(350、450和550℃)下制备生物炭(分别记为BC350、BC450和BC550),研究其对氧氟沙星在砖红壤中吸附-解吸的影响特征。研究结果表明,氧氟沙星在砖红壤和生物炭土壤(w/w,1.0%)上的吸附-解吸过程可以分为快速和缓慢两个阶段。伪二级动力学模型能较好地拟合氧氟沙星在砖红壤和3种生物炭土壤(w/w,1.0%)上的吸附-解吸动力学过程(r≥0.873,pKd值被提高了3.73~6.73倍。Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型能较好地描述氧氟沙星在生物炭土壤中的吸附解吸过程(r≥0.988,p<0.01)。生物炭对氧氟沙星的吸附包括表面作用和分配作用两个过程。生物炭土壤对氧氟沙星的解吸过程并非吸附的可逆过程,其吸附-解吸过程存在迟滞效应。     

合肥城郊典型排水沟渠沉积物磷形态及其释放风险

为弄清合肥市城郊排水沟渠-关镇河水体沉积物磷赋存形态及其污染特征,于2013年9月-2014年6月,在沟渠上选取8个采样点,逐月采集水样和表层沉积物样,解析沉积物的磷赋存形态及其时空变化特征,并对磷的潜在释放风险进行分析。结果表明:关镇河水体氮、磷污染严重;沉积物中TP含量处于1430.10~1941.26 mg/kg范围,平均为1734.42 mg/kg;沉积物各形态磷含量由高到低排序为:OP > Fe-P > Ca-P > De-P > Al-P > Oc-P > Ex-P;生物有效性磷平均值为464.01 mg/kg,占TP的26.81%;广义生物有效性磷的平均含量为1226.92 mg/kg,占TP的71.00%;PSI变化范围为18.31~69.96 mg P/(100 g)·(μmol/L),且沉积物磷释放风险春夏季高于秋冬季。