以运行费用函数为基础制定超标污水收费标准

根据现行的上海市和国家的超标污水征收标准的特点，提出制定新标准的５项原则。新标准的制定方案中，确定以ｙ＝ａ．ｘ＾β费用函数基础；用数理统计等方法，通过对污染排放标准，处理深度和处理费用３者关系的处理，得出二类污染物中，１级收费标准比现行２级收费标准上升３０％、２级收费采用现行标准、３级收费标准比现行标准下降２０－３０％；并提出污染物收费的计算公式，经对方案的论证和测算，说明其有效好的可行性。     

Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of free cyanide by stopped-flow reversed flow injection analysis

A stopped-flow reversed flow injection method for the determination of free cyanide is proposed. Pyridine-barbituric acid mixture is injected in the flow system as reagent to form the colour species with cyanide. The flow is stopped when the reagent zone comes in the flow cell, where absorbance-time data are collected at 580nm wavelength. The linear range of the determination is 0.1 -10μg/ml CN-. The sampling rate is 60h-1 and the relative standard deviation is 1.6% (n=16) at 5.0 μg/ml CN-1 level. With satisfactory results, the proposed method was applied to the determination of free cyanide in wastewater without sample pretreatment.     

氯氟烃及其替代物

近年来,臭氧衰竭比原先预料的更严重,对人类健康和环境构成了严重威胁。“蒙特利尔议定书”和“大气清洁法案”要求2000年要完全清除致臭氧衰竭物质——氯氟烃(CFCs)的生产和使用。目前,世界各地积极开发CFCs的替代物,以加速转换。虽然已开发的氧氯氟烃(HCFCs)、氢氟烃(HFCs)等替代物与CFCs相比还有一定缺点,但最终一定会实现替代转换。     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件开发

依据《柴油车加载减速烟度排放标准》和《柴油车加载减速工况烟度检测计算机控制试验规程》的要求,开发了柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件。详细介绍了该测试软件的功能和特点。     

珠江广州河段水体污染的遥感监测应用研究

由于城市工业废水和居民生活污水大量的排放，珠江水质受到严重污染，尤其有机污染更加严重。各项水质指标均严重超标。本文将运用遥感技术对珠江广州河段水环境质量中的水质污染进行监测应用研究。并建立了水质污染预测遥感模型。研究结果表明，利用遥感资料能有效地监测珠江水质污染状况，在监测水环境质量中遥感技术是一种快速，全面，有效的技术手段和方法。     

摆辗机摆头运动学分析和运动轨迹的数值模拟

从摆动辗压机中摆头的结构出发．通过运动学分析给出摆头运动方程，采用数值方法对摆头运动轨迹进行数值模拟，为摆辗机结构设计和摆辗工艺的合理应用提供科学依据。     

杞麓湖主要污染物的动态变化特征研究

以１９９７年杞麓湖水质监测结果为基础，运用相关分析，双因子方差分析等方法，对杞麓湖主要污染物动态变化特征的研究结果表明，杞麓湖主要污染物的空间分布较为均匀；ＢＯＤ５和ＴＮ都有较为明显的季节变化。     

化学发光流动注射法测定雨水中过氧化氢

用化学发光流动注射分析装置,将16孔阀连接成异步双流路,以过氧化氢-鲁米诺-钴(Ⅱ)为化学发光体系,建立了快速测定雨水中过氧化氢的方法,最低检测限为0.1ng/ml,在0.1—400ppb范围内有良好的线性关系,相对标准差为0.78—3.03％,每小时可分析480个以上的样品.