A GIS-based decision support system for regional eco-security assessment and its application on the Tibetan Plateau

Regional eco-security assessment is an intricate, challenging task. In previous studies, the integration of eco-environmental models and geographical information systems (GIS) usually takes two approaches: loose coupling and tight coupling. However, the present study used a full coupling approach to develop a GIS-based regional eco-security assessment decision support system (ESDSS). This was achieved by merging the pressure-state-response (PSR) model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) into ArcGIS 9 as a dynamic link library (DLL) using ArcObjects in ArcGIS and Visual Basic for Applications. Such an approach makes it easy to capitalize on the GIS visualization and spatial analysis functions, thereby significantly supporting the dynamic estimation of regional eco-security. A case study is presented for the Tibetan Plateau, known as the world’s “third pole” after the Arctic and Antarctic. Results verified the usefulness and feasibility of the developed method. As a useful tool, the ESDSS can also help local managers to make scientifically-based and effective decisions about Tibetan eco-environmental protection and land use.     

海河流域西三洼洪灾遥感监测背景信息系统的建立

为加强洪灾研究工作,做好灾前预评估、灾中跟踪评估、灾后详细评估工诈,应用地理信息系统（GIS）技术,建立起海河流域西三洼（东淀洼、文安茬、贾口控）洪灾遥感监测背景信息系统。     

超声化学法降解水中微量亚甲基蓝的研究

在超声波作用下水中微量亚甲基蓝可有效降解,降解动力学符合一级反应,亚甲基蓝超声降解速率随初始浓度的升高而降低,随介质温度的下降而升高．亚甲基蓝在酸性和碱性条件下的降解速率高于中性条件下的降解速率．能促进OH等自由基形成的自由基促进剂Fe^2 和I^-等可有效加速亚甲基蓝的超声降解．     

干旱灾害问题及其管理措施的探讨

干旱缺水是我国水资源面临的主要问题，在许多地区已成为制约经济发展和社会进步的重要因素。本文分析了我国目前干旱缺水的状况及发展趋势。探讨了减轻旱灾的研究方向和可能途径，并根据我国的实际情况，建议节约用水和规划管理水资源，以减少干旱损失及其广泛影响。     

从渭河流域水质状况看治污制度

渭河水质问题的根源是缺乏统筹协调的真正意义上的流域管理体制,没有建立和执行促进节水和治污等先进、高效、优良技术大规模应用和管理的制度框架;渭河水问题表面上是水资源短缺、水质恶化,实质上是水资源保护管理危机,是治污体制的长期失效.     

川中丘陵区土地资源的可持续利用——以乐至县为例

川中丘区是四川省粮食经济作物的主产区,土壤肥沃、耕地少、土地利用复杂。以乐至县为例,探讨了该县土地资源的可持续利用。     

甲苯对铁屑降解三氯乙烯的影响

为了探讨甲苯仔任时铁屑降解三氯乙烯（TCE）的有效性及影响因素,考察了铁屑粒径、铁屑预处理方法及甲苯初始质量浓度对TCE降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：选用粒径0．35—0．83mm的铁屑较好;用0．05mol／L的盐酸清洗后的铁屑对TCE的降解效果好于未进行酸洗的铁屑对TCE的降解效果;当m（甲苯）：m（TCE）分别为0,1．2,10．3,18．6时,TCE降解的反应速率常数分别为0．0691,0．0595,0．0458,0．0361h^-1,半衰期分别为10．03,11．65,15．13,19．20h,即随着甲苯初始质量浓度的提高,TCE降解的反应速率常数变小,半衰期变长;铁屑对甲苯具有吸附作用,甲苯的初始质量浓度越高,甲苯吸附量越大。     

Characterization and removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate rejected by nanofiltration

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater rejected by nanofiltration from a landfill leachate treatment plant was fractionated into humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions. It was found that humic substances (HA and FA) composed 75% of the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of the DOM, with an average molecular weight of about 1000 Da. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and acid-base titration observations showed that the HA and FA of the DOM exhibited lower fractions of condensed aromatic functional groups but larger fractions of acidic groups compared with other aquatic DOMs. The properties of HA and FA were similar, but HA exhibited more complete humification, while the HyI fraction had more acidic groups. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 was used to adsorb the DOM in the wastewater along with primary coagulation. Results of bench-scale experiments indicated that the treatment process could effectively remove the DOM and heavy metals while desorption liquid was 10 times more condensed than raw wastewater. Results of desorption and reproducibility tests consolidated the strong application potential of this treatment process as an advanced landfill leachate treatment technology.     

长江中上游护堤林发展土地潜力研究

护岸堤林建设是建设是长江中上游防护林体系建设林种空间布局与配置不可缺少的有机组成部分，具沿江而布及成连续林带的特点。其发展的土地潜力取决于岸堤线长度、林带建设宽度和建设地带内的土地利用现状结构等三个因素。研究结果表明：长江中上游研究江段护岸堤林发展土地数量潜力规模为２５１２３．４～４１９３８．９ｈｍ２，其中需造林绿化的宜林荒地地（第一类潜力）为８２１４．５～１３７５７．３ｈｍ２，需改造更新的疏灌林地和需加强抚育的未成林造林地（第二潜力）为５４０９．３～９０１５．５ｈｍ２，需退耕还林的耕地（第三类潜力）为１１４９９．６～１９１６６．１ｈｍ２。