植物床人工湿地处理养殖废水研究

为研究风车草和美人蕉植物床人工湿地处理养殖废水效果,建立了4级波式流人工湿地。结果表明,SS、COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到了76％、77％、78％、77％和72％,美人蕉生物量和氮磷含量都要高于风车草,植物组织中氮磷分布为叶＞根＞茎。重金属在植物中的含量为Zn＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr,其中Zn、Pb...     

住宅小区人居环境评价指标体系的建立及应用——以常州市为例

根据我国工业城市住宅小区的实际情况,提出了具有4个层次的住宅小区人居环境评价指标体系,其中,一级指标包括住区自然环境、住区生态环境和室内环境,最底层指标有24个。利用统计分析法(Delphi)确定各指标的权值。根据该评价指标体系,采用科学的监测、调查分析方法,对常州市5个目标小区进行了多角度、多层次的监测调查分析。最终得出5个小区的评价结果,为城市规划和改善城市人居环境提供现状基础和技术支持。     

煤质活性炭的制备及其在烟气脱硫中的应用

以烟煤为原料,采用气体活化法制备活性炭,并将其用于烟气脱硫。制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件:碳化温度为600℃;碳化时间为1.0h;活化温度为900℃;活化时间为1.5h;水蒸气流量为406mL/min。活性炭的硫容随SO2、O2和水蒸气的体积分数的增加而增加;随反应器床层温度升高,活性炭的硫容先升高后下降。在床层温度为80℃,SO2、O2和水蒸气体积分数分别为0.5%、5.0%和12.0%,N2为载气的条件下,活性炭的硫容最大,为72.3mg/g。     

Estimating contribution of wildland fires to ambient ozone levels in National Parks in the Sierra Nevada, California

Data from four continuous ozone and weather monitoring sites operated by the National Park Service in Sierra Nevada, California, are used to develop an ozone forecasting model and to estimate the contribution of wildland fires on ambient ozone levels. The analyses of weather and ozone data pointed to the transport of ozone precursors from the Central Valley as an important source of pollution in these National Parks. Comparisons of forecasted and observed values demonstrated that accurate forecasts of next-day hourly ozone levels may be achieved by using a time series model with historic averages, expected local weather and modeled PM values as explanatory variables. Results on fire smoke influence indicated occurrence of significant increases in average ozone levels with increasing fire activity. The overall effect on diurnal ozone values, however, was small when compared with the amount of variability attributed to sources other than fire.     

Thermochemical esterifying citric acid onto lignocellulose for enhancing methylene blue sorption capacity of rice straw

In this paper, rice straw was esterified thermochemically with citric acid (CA) to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The modified rice straw (MRS) and crude rice straw (CRS) were evaluated for their methylene blue (MB) removal capacity from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g., initial pH, sorbent dose, dye concentration, ion strength, and contact time) were examined. The ratio of MB sorbed on CRS increased as the initial pH was increased from pH 2 to 10. For MRS, the MB removal ratio came up to the maximum value beyond pH 3. The 1.5g/l or up of MRS could almost completely remove the dye from 250mg/l of MB solution. The ratio of MB sorbed kept above 98% over a range from 50 to 450mg/l of MB concentration when 2.0g/l of MRS was used. Increase in ion strength of solution induced decline of MB sorption. The isothermal data fitted the Langmuir model. The sorption processes followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion rate constant (k(id)) was greatly increased due to modification.     

几种阴阳离子对磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙的影响

以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,考察了几种阴阳离子对磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液的影响。结果表明：Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、NO^-₃、SO^2-₄和CO^2-₃均对催化活性有促进作用,其中Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺仅有微弱的促进作用;NO^-₃和SO^2-₄随着浓度的增加促进作用也有所增加;CO^2-₃则随着浓度的增加促进作用呈下降趋势;Mn²⁺、Al³⁺和Cl^-对光解反应存在较强的抑制作用,且Al³⁺和Cl^-随着其浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。     

南京市典型地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中颗粒的微观形貌特征及其矿物组成

应用扫描电镜技术(SEM/EDX)对南京市两典型地区PM10中颗粒的微观形貌及其矿物组成进行了研究.结果表明,南京市大厂区(典型工业区)PM10中的颗粒多以形态规则矿物颗粒为主,山西路地区(典型商业区)PM10中的颗粒多以形态不规则出现,形态规则颗粒主要是碳酸盐、硫酸盐和铝硅酸盐矿物,形态不规则颗粒主要是烟尘结合体、生物质和原生矿物.     

东北冷涡下两次雷电过程特性对比分析

利用卫星、闪电和电场等资料对2009年6月江苏的两次受东北冷涡影响所致的雷电过程进行对比分析,探讨了发生雷电过程的天气形势和卫星产品等对强对流天气的指示作用,初步得出了同一环流背景下的两次雷电过程的特征:两次雷电过程都具备了较好的不稳定条件,但由于能量分布的差异,过程影响范围有所不同;5日雷电过程伴随冰雹,其正闪比明显高于只有闪电发生的21日;相当黑体亮度温度高低预示着对流活动活跃程度,大部分闪电分布在云顶温度低值区,或者温度梯度较大的对流旺盛区域;两次过程电场快变抖动都提前于地闪发生。     

Electro-Fenton degradation of cationic red X-GRL using an activated carbon fiber cathode

We reported the study of the degradation of the azo dye cationic red X-GRL by the electro-Fenton process using an activated carbon fiber cathode. The electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in solution using different material cathodes fed with air was investigated, and the results revealed that the activated carbon fiber cathode was more effective compared to the graphite cathode. The decolorization and mineralization of cationic red X-GRL were also determined. The effect of the operating parameters, such as the initial Fe²⁺ concentration, temperature and initial dye concentration, was investigated. The optimum Fe²⁺ catalyst concentration values for the degradation of cationic red X-GRL was found to be 5 mM. The rate of decolorization and mineralization of dye could be accelerated by increasing the temperature. In addition, the decolorization and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency decreased with the increasing initial dye concentration, while the TOC removal increased. Two different transition metal ions (Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺) were applied as substitutes for ferrous sulfate for evaluating catalytic effect. The results indicated that Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ were more effective than Fe²⁺ in catalyzing the degradation of the dye.     

四湖地区猕猴桃高效栽培模式与关键技术

针对地处四湖腹地的湖北省监利县果树资源利用率低及涝洼湿地的地理环境和生态条件 ,提出加快果树资源品种结构的调整 ,监北地势稍高 ,排灌方便的地方大力发展以猕猴桃为主的产业 ,同时利用架面下的行间土地套种蔬菜、瓜类作物、草莓、食用菌以及耐荫湿的中草药植物等立体生态农业的栽培模式 ,达到经济效益和生态效益的同步增长 ,与其相配套的栽培关键技术是采用地下通气排灌暗沟设施 ,重施有机质肥加磷肥 ;高畦壮苗定植 ;巧施追肥 ;适时排灌 ;树盘覆草保墒 ;人工辅助授粉和疏花疏果