铝型材挤压模CAD/CAE/CAM系统开发与应用

基于对型材挤压特点的详尽分析 ,提出了铝型材挤压模CAD/CAE/CAM系统功能模型并确定了基于UG和ANSYS平台的系统集成方案 ,对关键软件模块进行二次开发 ,在此基础上对平模挤压折角、槽型材和分流组合模挤压扁管型材进行了分析。     

沈阳市农田土壤农药残留水平

对沈阳市农田（水田、旱田、菜田）土壤中农药残留调查表明，禾大壮、丁草胺、敌百虫、辛硫磷、阿特拉津、乐果、氧化乐果、溴氰菊酯、１６０５残留量测定结果均低于检出限。六六六残留几何平均水平为０．０１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＤＤＴ为０．０３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ；旱田、水田六六六异构体的残留主要是β－ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ异构体的残留主要是ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＥ．     

Greenhouse gas emissions from oilfield-produced water in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China

Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from oil and gas systems are an important component of the GHG emission inventory. To assess the carbon emissions from oilfield-produced water under atmospheric conditions correctly, in situ detection and simulation experiments were developed to study the natural release of GHG into the atmosphere in the Shengli Oilfield,the second largest oilfield in China. The results showed that methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) were the primary gases released naturally from the oilfield-produced water.The atmospheric temperature and release time played important roles in determining the CH4 and CO2emissions under atmospheric conditions. Higher temperatures enhanced the carbon emissions. The emissions of both CH4 and CO2from oilfield-produced water were highest at 27°C and lowest at 3°C. The bulk of CH4 and CO2was released from the oilfield-produced water during the first release period, 0–2 hr, for each temperature, with a maximum average emission rate of 0.415 g CH4/(m3·hr) and 3.934 g CO2/(m3·hr), respectively. Then the carbon emissions at other time periods gradually decreased with the extension of time. The higher solubility of CO2 in water than CH4 results in a higher emission rate of CH4 than CO2over the same release duration. The simulation proved that oilfield-produced water is one of the potential emission sources that should be given great attention in oil and gas systems.     

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM.     

火电行业"十三五"主要大气污染物减排潜力情景分析研究

火电行业是总量减排的重点行业,也是主要大气污染物削减量的首要贡献者,其主要大气污染物排放量的削减抵消了其他行业的排放增长,为"十二五"全国减排任务的完成做出了重大贡献.本研究在火电行业主要大气污染物排放控制现状分析的基础上,结合火电行业技术政策措施要求,对火电行业"十三五"新增排放量进行了预测,并设置基于技术可行、排放标准以及超低排放三套减排情景,测算"十三五"减排潜力,评估火电行业"十三五"减排空间,对全国及各省火电行业减排形势提出了相应的意见和建议.     

A new approach for crop identification with wavelet variance and JM distance

This paper develops a new crop mapping method through combined utilization of both time and frequency information based on wavelet variance and Jeffries–Matusita (JM) distance (CIWJ for short). A two-dimensional wavelet spectrum was obtained from datasets of daily continuous vegetation indices through a continuous wavelet transform using the Mexican hat and the Morlet mother wavelets. The time-average wavelet variance (TAWV) and the scale-average wavelet variance (SAWV) were then calculated based on the wavelet spectrum of the Mexican hat and the Morlet wavelet, respectively. The class separability based on the JM distance was evaluated to discriminate the proper period or scale range applied. Finally, a procedure for criteria quantification was developed using the TAWV and SAWV as the major metrics, and the similarity between unclassified pixels and established land use/cover types was calculated. The proposed CIWJ method was applied to the middle Hexi Corridor in northwest China using 250-m 8-day composite moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series datasets in 2012. The CIWJ method was shown to be efficient in crop field mapping, with an overall accuracy of 83.6 % and kappa coefficient of 0.7009, assessed with 30 m Chinese Environmental Disaster Reduction Satellite (HJ-1)-derived data. Compared with methods utilizing information on either frequency or time, the CIWJ method demonstrates tremendous potential for efficient crop mapping and for further applications. This method could be applied to either coarse or high spatial resolution images for agricultural crop identification, as well as other more general or specific land use classifications.     

我国可持续能源工业发展思考

中国一次能源消费结构严重滞后于世界能源工业发展，但中国具有发展天然气、核电、水电等洁净能源的巨大前景，因此大力发展天然气、核电等能源是中国建立可持续能源工业的重要选择。     

The relative importance of sexual reproduction and clonal propagation in rhizomatous herb Iris japonica Thunb. from two habitats of Jinyun Mountain, Southwest China

Reproductive behaviour of clonal plants might change in contrasting habitats. In field and simulated experiments, we studied the relative importance of sexual reproduction and clonal propagation in rhizomatous herb, Iris japonica Thunb. in two forest habitats (BF, bamboo forest and OAFE, open area of forest edge), and effects of population origin (BF vs. OAFE) and environmental effects (shading) on sexual vs. clonal reproduction. In field experiment, the relative importance of reproduction in I. japonica populations was different in two habitats, which showed predominantly sexual reproduction in OAFE and clonal propagation in BF. In simulated experiment, the effect of population origin and light treatment (shading) was significant for reproduction of I. japonica. Clonal propagation was only influenced by population origin, and sexual reproduction was determined both by population origin and light treatment. A trade-off between two reproductive modes exhibited in both experiments. The trade-offs was more obvious in OAFE than in BF because sexual reproduction, resource and inter-specific competition obviously lacked in BF. The results indicated that the selective forces shaping reproduction of I. japonica in contrasting habitats might demonstrate pronounce adaptive population differentiation among forest habitats. Thus, I. japonica populations formed local differentiation by adaptation of reproduction to local heterogeneous forest habitats.     

生物滴滤器净化低浓度甲苯废气的非稳态工况研究

生物法处理大气污染物时,经常会遇到条件波动或污染物间歇排放等非稳态工况。在不同非稳态条件下,考察了甲苯废气间歇排放对生物滴滤器净化性能的影响。实验方案分3种情况:无甲苯废气排放、无循环液供应或同时没有甲苯废气和循环液的供应。间歇排放时间从2~47 d不等。结果表明,不管何种形式的停运或故障,甲苯净化能力4 d以内基本不下降;停运时间超过5 d,则甲苯去除能力严重下降,仅为原来的1/3~1/2;停运时间在10 d以内,24 h内即可恢复,47 d的长期停运,3 d内也可恢复净化能力。     

溶解氧对OLAND生物膜反应器硝化性能的影响及其微生物种群动态研究

采用以多孔球悬浮填料为载体的限氧亚硝化生物膜处理高氨氮、低碳源的废水,通过对DO控制在0.5~1.0 mg/L,实现硝化阶段出水中的氨氮与亚硝态氮的比例达到最适值1∶(1.2±0.2),从而为后阶段的厌氧氨氧化系统提供理想的进水,进而提高氮的去除率;同时应用PCR-DGGE对硝化阶段不同时期的生物膜中微生物的种群动态变化进行了分析。研究表明,群落结构和优势种群的数量具有时序动态性,微生物多样性与废水的处理效果出现协同变化的特征。测序结果表明,在生物膜中进行氨氧化作用的主要为亚硝化杆菌(Ni-trosomonassp.)、亚硝化螺菌(Nitrosospirasp.);进行亚硝酸氧化的主要为硝化球菌(Nitrococcussp.)。