A GIS-based decision support system for regional eco-security assessment and its application on the Tibetan Plateau

Regional eco-security assessment is an intricate, challenging task. In previous studies, the integration of eco-environmental models and geographical information systems (GIS) usually takes two approaches: loose coupling and tight coupling. However, the present study used a full coupling approach to develop a GIS-based regional eco-security assessment decision support system (ESDSS). This was achieved by merging the pressure-state-response (PSR) model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) into ArcGIS 9 as a dynamic link library (DLL) using ArcObjects in ArcGIS and Visual Basic for Applications. Such an approach makes it easy to capitalize on the GIS visualization and spatial analysis functions, thereby significantly supporting the dynamic estimation of regional eco-security. A case study is presented for the Tibetan Plateau, known as the world’s “third pole” after the Arctic and Antarctic. Results verified the usefulness and feasibility of the developed method. As a useful tool, the ESDSS can also help local managers to make scientifically-based and effective decisions about Tibetan eco-environmental protection and land use.     

浅谈烟草企业安全文化建设

随着烟草行业的不断发展,干部职工的安全意识的提高,"安全工作的极端重要性"越来越得到大家的关注和重视。根据国家烟草专卖局的相关工作要求,就如何开展新疆烟草《安全文化建设》的推进工作,谈谈本人的一点初浅体会。     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

燃烧温度对柴油固体颗粒物形貌及氧化特性影响的试验研究

依据柴油机缸内的燃烧环境状态,采用TF-1200X管式炉,采集了柴油在不同温度条件下燃烧产生的颗粒物.应用扫描电镜SEM、X射线衍射仪和热重分析仪,对不同燃烧温度下颗粒的平均粒径、计盒维数、元素质量分数、颗粒表面氧化活性等变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:燃烧温度介于523～623 K之间时,柴油燃烧形成的固体颗粒物主要由颗粒状焦组成,呈片状和珠串状,颗粒中的C元素质量分数随燃烧温度的增加而增加,颗粒着火温度、活化能随燃烧温度的增加而降低;燃烧温度大于723 K时,颗粒呈球状和团簇状,平均粒径随温度的增加而减小,颗粒的C元素质量分数、计盒维数及活化能随燃烧温度的增加而增加,颗粒着火温度随燃烧温度的增加呈上升趋势;柴油在523～923 K之间燃烧形成的颗粒物,随着热重氛围气中氧体积分数的增加,颗粒氧化放热速率增加,活化能变化不大.     

渗铝温度/时间对镍基高温合金的渗层形成影响规律

目的提高材料的高温抗氧化腐蚀性能。方法采用气相渗铝方法在K417镍基高温合金表面制备铝化物涂层,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析渗铝层厚度、显微组织形貌和各元素在渗层中的分布,分析温度和时间对镍基高温合金渗铝层的形成影响规律。结果气相渗铝方法制备的渗铝层组织为典型的外扩散型组织即外层是单一的β-NiAl相,内层是含富Cr析出相的扩散层,扩散层的细小析出相对Al元素的扩散起到阻碍作用。结论随着渗铝温度的提高和渗铝时间的延长,渗层厚度逐渐增加,且渗铝温度对渗层厚度的影响远高于渗铝时间对渗层深度的影响。渗铝温度临界值为980℃,低于该温度时厚度增长不显著,高于该温度时厚度对渗铝温度和时间的敏感性增加。此外,渗铝温度越高,渗铝层组织中形成孔洞的倾向越大。     

崇明岛土壤中MCCPs的污染水平、组成与来源研究

用GC-ECNI-MS测定了崇明岛土壤中24种中链氯化石蜡(MCCPs)同类物组的含量.目的是了解该地区土壤中MCCPs的污染水平、空间分布、组成特征和来源.结果表明MCCPs在崇明岛土壤中普遍存在,浓度范围为2.56~96.3 ng·g-1,中值为7.32 ng·g-1.聚类分析将所有样品分为两类.大多数土壤样品MCCPs以C14-MCCPs和C15-MCCPs为主要碳同类物组,分别占29.8%和28.9%;Cl5-MCCPs和Cl6-MCCPs为主要氯同类物组,分别占29.9%和23.3%;个别样品中,C14-MCCPs是主要碳同类物组,占68.5%,与CP-52的组成相似.大气沉降和土壤-大气交换可能是崇明岛土壤中MCCPs主要来源,个别点可能受到污水处理厂污泥或其他不明污染源的污染.MCCPs与TOC之间没有显著统计相关性.因子分析表明4种MCCPs的碳同类物组具有相似的来源.与国内外其它研究相比,崇明岛土壤中MCCPs处于较低水平.     

Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.     

广西北部湾沿海经济区水稻及根系土硒含量特征

应用原子荧光光度法对广西北部湾沿海经济区水稻和根系土中的硒含量进行了测试。研究了水稻中硒含量与根系土中硒含量以及土壤性质之间关系。结果表明:研究区水稻中硒含量在0.021～0.335mg/kg之间,平均值为0.074mg/kg,标准差0.045,样品数为70件;根系土中硒含量变化范围为0.167～1.328mg/kg,平均值为0.620mg/kg,标准差0.230,样品数为70件。高于世界土壤表层平均值和全国表层土壤平均值,相关分析结果表明,根系土中S、有机质、P、C、N不利于水稻对硒的吸收,高CaO含量和pH有利于硒的吸收。土壤全硒量不是控制水稻硒水平的最主要因素。