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Xu Li Zimeng Liu Qing Xu Zhongyi Jiang Guoliang Ma 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2017,22(3):243-255
In this paper, we construct a multi-stage coordinated programming model under tax system to control SO2 emission. The model is based on an explicitly formulated SO2 abatement cost function created under Chinese condition. Analysis of the effectiveness and impact on the economy of the model is carried out with consideration of game theory. By solving the model, theoretical results show that the volume-based multi-stage SO2 tax system has two properties: effectiveness and equal-rate. Based on these theoretical results, empirical study is also performed using Chinese historical data. Compared with yearly single-stage programming model, the tax rate generated by the coordinated multi-stage programming model is time-invariant and rather moderate in scale. The total abatement cost among planning years in our model is 21.03 % less than the actual number and 6.68 % less than that in the single-stage situation. The tax payment suggested by our model is 10.62 % less than by the single-stage model. In general, a coordinated multi-stage programming model helps reduce the overall costs of environmental protection while achieving the same emission control target with less burden added to the economy. 相似文献
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Yang Xue Xu Xiaochen Xiang Qingchun Qu Yingdong Ren Yinglei Qiu Keqiang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(35):48038-48052
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metallic glasses (MGs) with unique disordered atomic stacking structures exhibit excellent catalytic performance in wastewater treatment. The... 相似文献
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为分析南昌市大气降水离子来源和源区,对南昌市2016年4—9月大气降水样品主要阴阳离子的组成进行了测定分析,并运用PMF(正定矩阵因子分解)模型分析来源和TrajStat软件模拟后向轨迹.结果表明:NH4+和Ca2+是南昌市大气降水中的主要阳离子,加权平均浓度为65.3和23.9 μmol/L,分别占阳离子总量的57%和21%;SO42-和NO3-是主要阴离子,加权平均浓度为60.4和25.3 μmol/L,分别占阴离子总量的56%和23%.c(NH4+)、c(Ca2+)、c(K+)、c(Mg2+)、c(Na+)、c(Cl-)、c(NO3-)之间均存在着较为显著的相关性,说明它们之间可能有相似的来源或形成化合物共同存在.结合PMF模型分析结果表明,Na+、Cl-很明显受到了海盐的影响,也部分受土壤和二次污染影响;K+、Mg2+、Ca2+大部分来自于土壤,海盐、二次污染也贡献了一部分的K+;SO42-、NH4+和NO3-是组成大气二次颗粒物的主要成分,主要由二次污染源贡献;煤燃烧贡献了主要的F-和部分SO42-.后向轨迹模型分析表明,南昌市大气降水主要受局地降雨气团影响,5月、8月、9月受陆源及人为影响较大,海源性离子经过内陆上空时被稀释或沉降,导致6月、7月来自于海洋上空的降雨气团对南昌影响不大.研究显示,SO42-对南昌市大气降水的影响逐渐增大导致降雨类型逐渐由混合型向硫酸型转化,人为影响是造成大气污染的主要原因. 相似文献
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本文对目前研究最多的汞、铬、镉、铅和砷等重金属,详细分析了它们在水体中的迁移转化、价态变化、吸附与解吸附作用、吸附和共沉淀作用等动态过程;简要地阐述五种重金属对水体的污染给人体带来的危害;重点讨论了对水体重金属污染采取控制与消除土壤污染源、含重金属工业废水的排放和生物修复技术等防治对策。 相似文献
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Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie... 相似文献
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Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts exhibit a higher catalytic activity than N-doped TiO2 for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol due to the synergistic effect of nonmetal elements. 相似文献
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Yuguang Zhang Jing Cong Hui Lu Guangliang Li Yuanyuan Qu Xiujiang Su Jizhong Zhou Diqiang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1717-1724
Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure. 相似文献