Food remains in Confuciusornis sanctus suggest a fish diet

Despite hundreds of excellent fossils of Confuciusornis, the most abundant group of birds in the Early Cretaceous, ‘Jehol Biota’ in China, there is yet no indication of the food choice of these birds. Here, we describe fish remains preserved in the alimentary system of a specimen of Confuciusornis sanctus from the Jiufotang Formation. This find is about five million years younger than all previously published confuciusornithid birds from the Yixian Formation. Although it is unknown how common fish was in the diet of Confuciusornis, the find does not support previous hypotheses that it fed on plants or grain.     

泡沫分离--臭氧消毒装置的水处理效果研究

对闭合循环水产养殖系统中泡沫分离—臭氧消毒装置及泡沫分离装置的水处理效果进行研究。结果表明,泡沫分离—臭氧消毒装置对养殖水体中异养细菌去除率为93.58％,NH_4~ -N、NO_2~--N去除率分别为39.00％、38.10％,能明显提高水体pH和DO,对COD的去除效果不明显;连续运行24h,能有效控制养殖水体中的NO_2~--N浓度和异养细菌数量。泡沫分离装置出水口比进水口的NH_4~ -N、NO_2~--N和COD分别降低42.45％、24.71％、11.00％,能明显提高出水pH和DO;连续运行24h,对养殖系统中的NH_4~ -N和NO_2~--N有一定的处理效果。     

用锅炉冲渣水为水源的湿式除尘器脱硫

通过对大连重工集团五台文丘里—麻石除尘器脱硫率的测定、各关键点pH值的测定、渣池中各金属含量的测定，说明了以锅炉冲渣水为水源进行湿法除尘，既经济又可达到稳定脱硫的目的。     

Removal of tetrabromobisphenol A by conventional activated sludge, submerged membrane and membrane aerated biofilm reactors

The goal of this study was to compare removal efficiencies of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) using typical wastewater treatment technologies, and to identify the most significant mechanisms of removal. Two types of municipal wastewater reactors were studied: a full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) reactor with tertiary treatment; and three pilot-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) having different sludge retention times (SRTs). All four reactors were fed the same influent. A third reactor type, a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was fed tap water, ammonia, and TBBPA. TBBPA in municipal influent ranged from 1 to 41 ng L⁻¹ (n = 10). The CAS effluent had an average TBBPA concentration of 0.7 ± 1.3 ng L⁻¹ (n = 3). Effluent concentrations from the MBRs were an average of 6 ± 6 ng L⁻¹ TBBPA (n = 26). Significant TBBPA removal was observed in the MABR throughout the 5 week of study (p ? 0.05). Removal of TBBPA from wastewater treatment was found to be due to a combination of adsorption and biological degradation. Based on experimental results, nitrification is likely a key process therein. No significant relationship between removal of TBBPA and SRT was identified (p ? 0.05).     

Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1)

The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used. The results showed that higher Pd loading, higher dosage of Pd/Fe and slightly acid condition were beneficial to the catalytic dechlorination of 2,2^′,4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl. In laboratory batch experiments, 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl was reduced in the presence of Pd/Fe bimetal, which was not further degraded by aerobic bacteria. 2,2^′,4-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#17), a reduction product from 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, was readily biodegraded in the presence of a aerobic bacterial strain. It is suggested that an integrated Pd/Fe catalytic reduction-aerobic biodegradation process may be a feasible option for treating PCB-contaminated soil.     

废铁屑-改性粉煤灰联用处理铬渣渗滤液

针对铬渣严重污染环境问题,以"以废治废"为研究目标,采用室内静态实验方法,进行废铁屑-改性粉煤灰联用处理铬渣渗滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬实验研究。实验结果表明,废铁屑与聚合氯化铝改性粉煤灰联用处理Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬效果优于单独采用其中一种物质;处理Cr(Ⅵ)浓度208 mg/L、总铬浓度260 mg/L的200 mL高浓度含铬废水最佳反应条件为:反应时间30 min,总投加量40 g,配比为1:1, pH值4.1,对应Cr(Ⅵ)去除率99.93%,总铬去除率99.72%。处理后水质满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)要求。     

发光细菌法评价工业废水的毒性

用发光细菌测定法估算了两城市污水对河道水体污染的分担率，评价了工厂排放废水的毒性，并据此确定了污染源监督管理中应优先治理的工厂（车间）废水。     

猪粪堆肥发酵菌种的分离筛选及特性研究

从多种样品材料中分离筛选出8株能以猪粪为基质生长的菌种,对其中4株菌(8B、8C、8E、2B)进行了初步分类鉴定,并对它们发酵猪粪培养基的特性作了研究.结果表明,这4株菌均属于芽孢杆菌属,其中8C、2B菌种生长最好,8B次之,而8E菌种则不适合作为发酵菌种;对培养基采取完全灭菌对菌种生长繁殖是有利的,间歇灭菌和不灭菌效果相对较差,甚至会对菌种产生不利影响;pH值的变化在一定程度上反映出微生物生长繁殖能力的强弱;较低的pH值不利于微生物菌种生长.     

混凝沉淀去除丙烯酸丁酯废水浊度物质

采用混凝沉淀法去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的浊度物质,比较6种混凝剂的去除效率,确定聚合氯化铝为适宜混凝剂,并选用阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺作为助凝剂。研究结果表明,聚合氯化铝和阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺的优化投加量分别为150 mg/L和20 mg/L,优化pH值为4～5,水温20～40℃,快速搅拌速度200～400 r/min,搅拌时间1～3 min,慢速搅拌速度50～80 r/min,搅拌时间5～15 min。在以上条件下,可使出水浊度从3 000 NTU左右降至1 NTU左右,同时也实现了废水中胶体物质的大量去除。     

单甲脒在水生生物中的积累和释放

本文朱生环境中对单甲脒在鱼和藻类中的积累释放及鱼体中的ＢＣＦ值进行了研究，结果表明，鱼体在３，５，６ｄ的ＢＣＦ值分别为３．５３，４．７３及５．２９，鱼体中单米积累为内脏〉锶〉肌肉，饲养７ｄ达积累最高量；藻类在６ｈ后达积累最高量；单甲脒在水藻和鱼（内脏）的富集比分别为１：３及１：１２。