沸石滤料曝气生物滤池的挂膜启动研究

采用沸石滤料曝气生物滤池（ZBAF）,对微污染水源水预处理的挂膜启动进行研究。试验结果表明：挂膜过程中CODMn和氨氮的去除率提高不同步,好氧异养菌的增殖速度较快,硝化菌增殖较慢;ZBAF对氨氮具有很好的去除效果,去除率高达90%以上。启动初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主,末期以硝化作用为主,CODMn的去除一直处于不稳定状态,故对于ZBAF应以氨氮的硝化去除率达到稳定作为挂膜成熟的标志,而不以氨氮总去除率及CODMn去除率作为标志。     

城市建筑周边绿地景观格局优化方法研究

现有绿地景观格局优化方法,存在梯度变化不规律、边缘斑块密度不均等缺陷.针对该问题,提出基于窗口移动法的新型城市建筑周边绿地景观格局优化方法,通过确定研究区域与数据来源,以边缘斑块密度、梯度、绿地景观格局化指数为绿地景观格局化指数,确立研究方法.模拟研究环境设计实验结果表明,采用改进格局优化方法可改善城市建筑周边绿地景观格局梯度变化不规律问题;在特定空间分布状态下,还可避免边缘斑块密度不均的现象发生.     

Use of Preservative Agents and Antibiotics for Increased Poliovirus Survival on Positively Charged Filters

Environmental surveillance of poliovirus (PV) and other non-enveloped viruses can help identify silent circulation and is necessary to certify eradication. The bag-mediated filtration system is an efficient method to filter large volumes of environmental waters at field sites for monitoring the presence of viruses. As filters may require long transit times to off-site laboratories for processing, viral inactivation or overgrowth of bacteria and fungi can interfere with virus detection and quantification (Miki and Jacquet in Aquatic Microb Ecol 51(2):195–208, 2008). To evaluate virus survival over time on ViroCap^? filters, the filters were seeded with PV type 1 (PV1) and/or MS2 and then dosed with preservatives or antibiotics prior to storage and elution. These filters were stored at various temperatures and time periods, and then eluted for PV1 and MS2 recovery quantification. Filters dosed with the preservative combination of 2% sodium benzoate and 0.2% calcium propionate had increased virus survival over time when stored at 25 °C, compared to samples stored at 25 °C with no preservatives. While elution within 24 h of filtration is recommended, if storage or shipping is required then this preservative mixture can help preserve sample integrity. Addition of an antibiotic cocktail containing cephapirin, gentamicin, and Proclin^? 300 increased recovery after storage at 4 and 25 °C, when compared to storage with no antibiotics. The antibiotic cocktail can aid sample preservation if access to appropriate antibiotics storage is available and sample cold chain is unreliable. This study demonstrated that the use of preservatives or antibiotics is a simple, cost-effective method to improve virus detection from ViroCap cartridge filters over time.     

室内环境中微生物与挥发性有机化合物相关性的初步探讨

采集室内环境空气中菌落,经培养后分别将微球菌属、葡萄球菌属、芽孢杆菌属、曲霉属、青霉属的纯培养物转接到培养皿上,然后放入环境测试舱密闭环境中进行放大培养。分析菌落放大培养前后环境测试舱内空气中VOCs组成及其含量水平。结果表明,检测的100种挥发性有机化合物中有42种化合物在扩大培养后浓度升高,而30种化合物的浓度下降。微生物在生长代谢过程中既能分解空气中的一些毒害性有机污染物,也能产生一些毒害性有机污染物。     

对安全检查的几点建议

安全检查是安全生产管理工作中的一项重要内容,是发现不安全状态和不安全行为的有效途径,是保持安全环境、矫正不安全行为、消除事故隐患、防止事故的一种重要措施。安全检查效果的好坏,直接影响着安全生产。笔者结合工作实际,就如何强化安全检查效果谈几点粗浅看法。     

北运河下游典型河网区水体中氮磷分布与富营养化评价

选择北运河下游典型河网区(闸坝多、水流慢和湖库化)为研究对象,通过为期1 a的水质监控,阐述了河网区氮、磷的时空变化特征,并利用对数型幂函数普适指数公式对其水体营养状态进行了评价.结果表明,河网区水体中TN平均质量浓度为12.50 mg.L-1(NH4+-N占67.41%),TP为1.45 mg.L-1(SRP占80.81%).河网区水体中氮、磷的时空分布特征明显,TN和NO 3--N质量浓度随季节变化特征趋于一致,NH 4+-N稍有不同;TP和SRP质量浓度随季节变化特征基本一致.从河网区进水带至出水带,水体中氮、磷质量浓度均呈逐渐下降趋势,其中TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N平均质量浓度分别从19.30、13.22和2.19mg.L-1降至7.98、4.45和1.50 mg.L-1;TP和SRP分别从1.95和1.59 mg.L-1降至1.11和0.91 mg.L-1.富营养化评价综合指数表明,河网区水体在时空尺度上均处于"极富"营养状态.     

采空区冒落带内破碎岩体的渗流特征与渗透性试验研究

为探索采空区冒落带内破碎岩体中地下水的渗流特征,建立采空区冒落带内破碎岩体渗透系数与空隙率的相关关系,确定采空区冒落带内破碎岩体的渗透系数值,并基于采空区冒落带内破碎岩体的空隙分布特征与大孔隙非均质多孔介质的水流特征,设计了一套一维渗流柱,采用常水头稳态渗透法对采空区冒落带内破碎岩体的渗透性能以及不同空隙率破碎岩体的渗...     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8) Ce_(0.2) Cu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) (x:0–0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ with oxygen vacancies and T -structured Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO 3.702 catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr -1 , and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO 3.702 NdSrCu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 3.736 NdSrCu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 3.789 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 4.187 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 4.104 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 CuO 4.045 , in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu 3+ /Cu 2+ redox ability of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

烟气脱硫设施运行及脱硫电价实时监控系统设计

由于缺乏有效监管手段,目前脱硫设施实际投运情况不理想。设计了一套B/S架构的烟气脱硫设施运行及脱硫电价实时监控系统,分为数据采集、数据通讯、数据处理及发布3个子系统。选择能全面反映脱硫设施运行状况的28个信号,采用共享-分流信号防伪采集技术进行采集,通过电力系统内载波电话拨号与无线GPRS两种通讯方式相互竞争、互为备用来实现可靠通讯,并经过软件防伪判别模块和统计运算后以WEB形式发布。数据以5m in的间隔实时刷新,且每小时更新脱硫投入率、脱硫电价款等报表数据。     

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工艺设计

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工程设计规模5×104m3/d,采用强化生物脱氮、机械微过滤(盘片过滤)工艺,利用现有池容进行内部改造,同时增加深度处理设施,提高出水标准,改造后出水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)平均值分别为34,6,5,1.3,10.3和0.36mg/L,各项水质指标均达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。