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951.
洞庭湖湿地Cd富集植物蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis)的耐性生理机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用盆栽植株和外源Cd胁迫的方法,分别对不同生长期蒌蒿植株根、叶组织中的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白及MDA含量进行测定,以揭示蒌蒿在Cd胁迫下的抗氧化机理和耐受机制。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫对上述生理指标均有显著影响:≤20mg·kg-1的Cd处理可使幼苗期植株器官中的可溶性蛋白含量增加16.5%~19.1%,100mg·kg-1的Cd含量水平则导致其含量减少近30%,可溶性蛋白含量的变化与植株的生物量积累关系密切;3种酶活性在0~10mg·kg-1的Cd处理下未显示出明显变化,幼苗期植株CAT、POD活性在10~80mg·kg-1的Cd胁迫下增加明显,高于此浓度范围则使酶蛋白受到破坏而失活,中等含量水平(≤40mg·kg-1)的Cd处理经过长时间作用可使植株逐渐适应胁迫环境,胁迫强度较大的Cd处理可显著提高SOD酶的活性;Cd胁迫过程中植株MDA积累量不断增加。3种抗氧化酶活性的增强在蒌蒿植株耐受Cd胁迫方面能起到较好的防御作用。 相似文献
952.
Jianfeng Zhang Guang-Cai Chen Shangjun Xing Qixiang Sun Qihua Shan Jinxing Zhou 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(6):475-480
The Yellow River Delta region in China is a land area of 1,200,000 ha with rich natural resources. Adverse environmental conditions, such as low rainfall and high salinity, promote the dominance of black locust trees for afforestation. With the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere, this forest and others throughout the world have become valued for their ability to sequester and store carbon. Forests store carbon in aboveground biomass (i.e. trees), belowground biomass (i.e. roots), soils and standing litter crop (i.e. forest floor and coarse woody debris). There are well-developed methods to sample forest ecosystems, including tree inventories that are used to quantify carbon in aboveground tree biomass. Such inventories are used to estimate the types of roundwood products removed from the forest during harvesting. Based on standard plot inventories and stem analyses, carbon sequestration estimates of trees were 222.41 t ha?1 for the Yellow River Delta region accounted for 67.12% of the whole forest. Similarly, carbon storage by herbaceous matter and soil was 0.50 and 50.34 t ha?1, respectively. The results suggest that carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystem was performed by most of the forest, which plays an increasingly important role in sequestering carbon as the stand grows. 相似文献
953.
Zhenyi Zhang Xuan Zhao Yuting Liang Guanghe Li Jizhong Zhou 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(1):11-17
This report shows an increase of PAH-related microbial functional genes with PAH concentration in soils. Adaptation of microbial communities to organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a crucial issue. However, there is little knowledge on mechanisms ruling microbial community selection. Here, we studied microbial functional genes in soils contaminated by PAHs. We used GeoChip, an advanced functional gene array for gene analysis. Soil PAH concentrations were measured and microbial functional genes were categorized. PAH-related microbial functional genes, bph, nah, nidA, phd, dfb, and qor, were quantitatively expressed. Total microbial functional genes and PAH-related microbial functional genes were compared with PAH concentration by cluster analysis and curve-fitting analysis. We found that the average abundance of PAH-related microbial functional genes increased from 0.13 to 0.33, whereas that of total microbial functional genes decreased from 0.22 to 0.10 when PAHs concentration increased from 1.01 to 164.28 mg kg?1. It was also found that the classification of microbial community structure characteristics based on PAH-related microbial functional genes was closely similar to the classification based on PAHs concentration. Findings reveal that PAH stress promotes the dominance of PAH-related microbial communities. 相似文献
954.
对江汉平原水文地质调查发现,该地区地下水砷含量已远超国家饮用水标准。以沉积物培养的土著细菌混合液为生物材料,以江汉平原高砷含水层沉积物为研究对象,在实验室内模拟地下水系统,研究厌氧环境条件下,不同生物量土著细菌和pH值对沉积物中砷迁移转化的影响,以及土著细菌活动下砷在不同沉积物中的迁移转化。结果表明,不同生物量菌悬液都能促进沉积物中As的释放,增加总As和As(III)的浓度,但150mL处理组,在研究后期,总As和As(III)的浓度呈现减缓趋势;在初始生物量一定的条件下,沉积物中As含量越高,细菌活动下总As相对释出量就越低,而且As(III)占所释出总As的比值就越高,但两个高砷含量沉积物组的差异较小;在初始pH值为5、7和9的培养条件下,细菌都能加速砷的迁移,但pH值为5的处理组(简称pH5处理组)最弱,在前8天,pH9处理组较pH7处理组的低,随后超过pH7处理组。研究表明,土著细菌悬液能加速As从沉积物中释出,并且释出的As以As(III)为主;在耐受的弱碱性环境条件下,细菌对砷的迁移和转化随环境的pH值增加而增强。 相似文献
955.
缺氧对贝类的胁迫效应及对其免疫系统的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于缺氧对贝类养殖的危害,从贝类免疫系统角度总结了近年来围绕缺氧胁迫对其细胞免疫和体液免疫系统的相关因子影响的研究。从缺氧对与细胞免疫功能相关的血细胞总数(THC)、吞噬活性和细胞活性氧(ROS)含量、以及参与体液免疫的溶酶体酶、抗氧化物酶、抗氧化因子、酚氧化酶等多种免疫因子的影响,概括了缺氧对贝类免疫系统影响的一般规律。本文不仅能为衡量贝类所在水域的环境变化提供科学依据,还能为围绕贝类在缺氧胁迫下生理适应性机制的相关研究奠定基础。 相似文献
956.
太湖水体中5种有机磷农药混合物生态风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
有机磷农药是一类广泛分布于我国水环境中的污染物,即使在水体中的污染水平处于规定“安全标准”之下,其联合暴露产生的风险仍有可能威胁水生生态安全。采用基于浓度加和模型与生物敏感度分布曲线的混合物风险商法,评价了太湖水体中敌敌畏、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷和乐果5种有机磷农药混合物产生的生态风险。结果表明:2003~2004年期间3个不同时期太湖水体中5种有机磷农药的混合物生态风险商(RQm )均大于1,有机磷农药混合物在2003~2004年期间对太湖水生生物构成了一定威胁。 相似文献
957.
Liqin JI Xue BAI Lincheng ZHOU Hanchang SHI Wei CHEN Zulin HUA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(3):442-450
A simple solvothermal method was used to prepare monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles attached onto graphene oxide (GO) sheets as adsorbents to remove tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from an aqueous solution. These Fe3O4/GO (MGO) nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption capacity at different initial pH, contact duration, and temperature were evaluated. The kinetics of adsorption was found to fit the pseudo-second-order model perfectly. The adsorption isotherm well fitted the Langmuir model, and the theoretical maximum of adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 27.26 mg?g-1. The adsorption thermodynamics of TBBPA on the MGO nanocomposites was determined at 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K, respectively. The results indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The MGO nanocomposites were conveniently separated from the media by an external magnetic field within several seconds, and then regenerated in 0.2 M NaOH solution. Thus, the MGO nanocomposites are a promising candidate for TBBPA removal from wastewater. 相似文献
958.
Mesoporous silicas such as MCM-41 and SBA-15 possess high surface areas, ordered nanopores, and excellent thermal stability, and have been often used as catalyst supports. Although mesoporous metal oxides have lower surface areas compared to mesoporous silicas, they generally have more diversified functionalities. Mesoporous metal oxides can be synthesized via a soft-templating or hard-templating approach, and these materials have recently found some applications in environmental catalysis, such as CO oxidation, N2O decomposition, and elimination of organic pollutants. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of mesoporous transition metal oxides using mesoporous silicas as hard templates, highlight the application of these materials in environmental catalysis, and furnish some prospects for future development. 相似文献
959.
960.
巨灾定义与划分标准研究——基于近年来全球典型灾害案例的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,全球受严重灾害影响的国家和地区频繁出现,导致大量人员伤亡和严重经济损失。巨灾作为区域经济社会可持续发展的主要障碍之一,各国政府以及科技、产业与社会各界人士予以高度重视。目前,国内外对巨灾的研究绝大多数集中于巨灾保险,虽有部分研究涉及到巨灾定义及划分标准,但因研究目的与学术背景不同,至今尚无相对公认的、统一的巨灾定义。对巨灾概念的由来和国内外目前的研究动态进行了较全面的综述,论述了突发性与渐发性巨灾的差异,结合近年来全球典型灾害案例,总结给出巨灾定义、划分指标与标准,并在此基础上对巨灾未来研究进行展望,提出了研究的关键问题并建议进行更深入的研究。旨在为完善区域灾害系统原理,进一步推动巨灾研究提供参考。 相似文献