排序方式: 共有24条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
11.
The global pet trade is a major risk to biodiversity and humans and has become increasingly globalized, diversified, digitalized, and extremely difficult to control. With billions of internet users posting online daily, social media could be a powerful surveillance tool. But it is unknown how reliably social media can track the global pet trade. We tested whether Instagram data predicted the geographic distribution of pet stores and the taxonomic composition of traded species in the emerging pet trade in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). We visited 138 online stores selling ants as pets worldwide and recorded the species traded. We scraped ∼38,000 Instagram posts from ∼6300 users referencing ants as pets and analyzed comments on post and geolocation (available for ∼1800 users). We tested whether the number of Instagram users predicted the number of ant sellers per country and whether the species referenced as pets on Instagram matched the species offered in online stores, with a particular focus on invasive species. The location of Instagram users referencing ants as pets predicted the location of ant sellers across the globe (R2 = 0.87). Instagram data detected 439 of the 631 ant species traded in online stores (70%), including 59 of the 68 invasive species traded (87%). The number of Instagram users referencing a species was a good predictor of the number of sellers offering the species (R2 = 0.77). Overall, Instagram data provided affordable and reliable data for monitoring the emerging pet trade in ants. Easier access to these data would facilitate monitoring of the global pet trade and help implement relevant regulations in a timely manner. 相似文献
12.
Zoë Anne Doubleday Jayson M. Semmens Adam J. Smolenski Paul W. Shaw 《Marine Biology》2009,156(6):1183-1192
Five polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and then used to assess the population genetic structure of a commercially
harvested merobenthic octopus species (Octopus maorum) in south-east Australian and New Zealand (NZ) waters. Beak and stylet morphometrics were also used to assess population
differentiation in conjunction with the genetic data. Genetic variation across all loci and all sampled populations was very
high (mean number alleles = 15, mean expected heterozygosity = 0.85). Microsatellites revealed significant genetic structuring
(overall F
ST = 0.024, p < 0.001), which did not fit an isolation-by-distance model of population differentiation. Divergence was observed between
Australian and NZ populations, between South Australia and north-east Tasmania, and between two relatively proximate Tasmanian
sites. South Australian and southern Tasmanian populations were genetically homogeneous, indicating a level of connectivity
on a scale of 1,500 km. Morphometric data also indicated significant differences between Australian and NZ populations. The
patterns of population structuring identified can be explained largely in relation to regional oceanographic features. 相似文献
13.
14.
A Quantitative Review of Urban Ecosystem Service Assessments: Concepts,Models, and Implementation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dagmar Haase Neele Larondelle Erik Andersson Martina Artmann Sara Borgström Jürgen Breuste Erik Gomez-Baggethun Åsa Gren Zoé Hamstead Rieke Hansen Nadja Kabisch Peleg Kremer Johannes Langemeyer Emily Lorance Rall Timon McPhearson Stephan Pauleit Salman Qureshi Nina Schwarz Annette Voigt Daniel Wurster Thomas Elmqvist 《Ambio》2014,43(4):413-433
Although a number of comprehensive reviews have examined global ecosystem services (ES), few have focused on studies that assess urban ecosystem services (UES). Given that more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, understanding the dualism of the provision of and need for UES is of critical importance. Which UES are the focus of research, and what types of urban land use are examined? Are models or decision support systems used to assess the provision of UES? Are trade-offs considered? Do studies of UES engage stakeholders? To address these questions, we analyzed 217 papers derived from an ISI Web of Knowledge search using a set of standardized criteria. The results indicate that most UES studies have been undertaken in Europe, North America, and China, at city scale. Assessment methods involve bio-physical models, Geographical Information Systems, and valuation, but few study findings have been implemented as land use policy.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0504-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献15.
Having an adequate and extensively recognized resource governance system is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of crop genetic resources in a highly populated planet. Despite the widely accepted importance of agrobiodiversity for future plant breeding and thus food security, there is still pervasive disagreement at the individual level on who should own genetic resources. The aim of the article is to provide conceptual clarification on the following concepts and their relation to agrobiodiversity stewardship: open access, commons, private property, state property and common heritage of humankind. After presenting each property regime, we will examine whether and how these incentivize the conservation, improvement and sharing of crop genetic resources, and conclude by defending a mixed property regime. 相似文献
16.
Sean D. Connell Milena Fernandes Owen W. Burnell Zoë A. Doubleday Kingsley J. Griffin Andrew D. Irving Jonathan Y.S. Leung Samuel Owen Bayden D. Russell Laura J. Falkenberg 《Conservation biology》2017,31(5):1196-1201
Although the public desire for healthy environments is clear‐cut, the science and management of ecosystem health has not been as simple. Ecological systems can be dynamic and can shift abruptly from one ecosystem state to another. Such unpredictable shifts result when ecological thresholds are crossed; that is, small cumulative increases in an environmental stressor drive a much greater change than could be predicted from linear effects, suggesting an unforeseen tipping point is crossed. In coastal waters, broad‐scale seagrass loss often occurs as a sudden event associated with human‐driven nutrient enrichment (eutrophication). We tested whether the response of seagrass ecosystems to coastal nutrient enrichment is subject to a threshold effect. We exposed seagrass plots to different levels of nutrient enrichment (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) for 10 months and measured net production. Seagrass response exhibited a threshold pattern when nutrient enrichment exceeded moderate levels: there was an abrupt and large shift from positive to negative net leaf production (from approximately 0.04 leaf production to 0.02 leaf loss per day). Epiphyte load also increased as nutrient enrichment increased, which may have driven the shift in leaf production. Inadvertently crossing such thresholds, as can occur through ineffective management of land‐derived inputs such as wastewater and stormwater runoff along urbanized coasts, may account for the widely observed sudden loss of seagrass meadows. Identification of tipping points may improve not only adaptive‐management monitoring that seeks to avoid threshold effects, but also restoration approaches in systems that have crossed them. 相似文献
17.
Stephen E. Lewis Jon E. Brodie Zoë T. Bainbridge Ken W. Rohde Aaron M. Davis Bronwyn L. Masters Mirjam Maughan Michelle J. Devlin Jochen F. Mueller Britta Schaffelke 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2470-2484
The runoff of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) from agricultural lands is a key concern for the health of the iconic Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Relatively low levels of herbicide residues can reduce the productivity of marine plants and corals. However, the risk of these residues to Great Barrier Reef ecosystems has been poorly quantified due to a lack of large-scale datasets. Here we present results of a study tracing pesticide residues from rivers and creeks in three catchment regions to the adjacent marine environment. Several pesticides (mainly herbicides) were detected in both freshwater and coastal marine waters and were attributed to specific land uses in the catchment. Elevated herbicide concentrations were particularly associated with sugar cane cultivation in the adjacent catchment. We demonstrate that herbicides reach the Great Barrier Reef lagoon and may disturb sensitive marine ecosystems already affected by other pressures such as climate change. 相似文献
18.
This study investigated the genetic relationships between the rare terrestrial orchid Diuris fragrantissima and three closely related purple flowered species using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms. The purple-flowered species
were found to form individual phenetic clusters confirming recognition of D. fragrantissima at the rank of species. Levels of genetic variation were lower within D. fragrantissima than within its closest relatives but were higher than expected for severely bottlenecked species. Gene flow was detected
among all species (Nm = 2.34) and populations (Nm = 0.65) however low among population gene flow indicates that populations
may be at risk of divergence. This study has implications for the conservation of D. fragrantissima. 相似文献
19.
20.
R. Ntsiva N. Andriatsitohaina Enrico Celio Jorge C. Llopis Zo H. Rabemananjara Bruno S. Ramamonjisoa Adrienne Grêt-Regamey 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(1):69-90
ABSTRACTForest frontiers worldwide reveal trade-offs that are key in mitigating global change. In the forest frontiers of northeast Madagascar, land-use changes result from decisions made by smallholder farmers. In the past, subsistence needs led to increasing shifting cultivation, resulting in forest degradation and deforestation. This study focuses on investigating the role of locally determined factors in land-use change decisions in the forest frontier context. Therefore, we developed a Bayesian network-based land-use decision model that represents the causalities between factors influencing land-use decisions and takes into account local decision-makers’ knowledge. The approach is applied in two comparative case studies in northeast Madagascar. Results show that farmers mostly aim at extending the cultivation of cash crops. These results and the causal mechanisms disentangled for the forest frontier of northeast Madagascar help understand change mechanisms and hence, support decision-making to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. 相似文献