还原棕BR染料废水预处理工艺的研究

利用“中和絮凝－电化学还原－混凝－空气吹脱”法对还原棕BR清洁工艺生产废水进行预处理，废水中的重金属污染物得到有效去除，其COD、NH4^ -N、氟化物以度的去除率可分别达到94％、93％、99％及95％，同时提高了废水的可生化性，减轻了后续生化系统的有机负荷和对生物的毒性。重点论述了工艺的作用机理以及最佳操作参数的确定。     

湖泊资源可持续利用判据研究

针对湖泊资源的构成和可持续利用的内涵 ,提出湖泊资源 (城郊小型浅水湖 )可持续利用的 6条判据 ,并初步分析武汉东大湖可持续利用状况。为可持续发展战略中资源的合理配置和保护 ,从量化管理上提出新的思路。     

制取高浓度臭氧水的实验研究

采用介质阻挡强电离放电技术制取高浓度臭氧 ,使用射流器和气液溶解分离器溶解臭氧制取高浓度臭氧水。讨论了应用臭氧量、气液比、系统压力和气液溶解方式对臭氧水浓度和臭氧有效溶解效率的影响     

Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column of Kongsfjorden, Arctic

Kongsfjorden is known for its characteristic multi-layer water mass formed by the convergence of freshwaters from nearby glaciers and rivers and saline water from the Atlantic and Arctic. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column of Kongsfjorden was investigated and their potential sources were analyzed. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the surface seawater and river water were in the range of 33.4?79.8 ng/L (mean 48.5 ng/L) and 2.3?201.4 ng/L (mean 126.1 ng/L), respectively. Horizontally, PAHs were mainly concentrated around river estuaries and the glacier front in the dissolved phase. Vertically, the PAHs in the particulate phase followed surface-enrichment and depth-depletion patterns in most stations, with the maximum concentration found at 50 m depth in the central area of Kongsfjorden. The compositions of PAHs in seawater and rivers were similar, with two-ring and tricyclic PAHs comprising the majority of the dissolved and particulate phases. PAHs found in Kongsfjorden waters appeared to be derived from multiple sources such as petroleum and coal combustion. PAHs in the bay mouth of Kongsfjorden were mainly introduced by the West Spitsbergen Current and the Arctic waters, while in the inner bay, atmospheric deposition and local sources were the major contributors. The distribution of PAHs was mainly attributed to the suspended particulate distribution.     

Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China

The disposal, recycling, and part salvaging of discarded electronic devices such as computers, printers, televisions, and toys are now creating a new set of waste problems. This study is aimed at identifying the sources and quantifying the pollution levels generated from electronic waste (e-waste) activities at Guiyu, Guangdong Province, China, and their potential impacts on the environment and human health. The preliminary results indicate that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil obtained from a printer roller dump site was 593 μg/kg dry weight (dry wt.) and in sediment from a duck pond, the PAH concentration was 514 μg/kg (dry wt.). Sediment from the Lianjiang River was found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (743 μg/kg) at a level approaching three times the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines probable effect level of 277 μg/kg. Total mono- to hepta-brominated diphenyl ether homologue concentrations (1140 and 1169 μg/kg dry wt.) in soils near dumping sites were approximately 10–60 times those reported for other polybrominated diphenyl ether-contaminated locations in the world. In-house study on the open burning of cable wires showed extremely high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans resulting in 12419 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of waste input and 15 610 ng TEQ/kg for two separate tests, respectively, which were about three orders of magnitude higher than those for the open burning of household waste. High levels of Cu (712, 528, and 496 mg/kg), exceeding the new Dutch list action value, were determined for soil near the printer roller dumping area, sediment from Lianjiang River, and soil from a plastic burn site, respectively. A more thorough study is underway to elucidate the extent of contamination of toxic pollutants in different ecological compartments to establish whether these pollutants are bioaccumulated and biomagnified through food chains. Assessments of human health impacts from oral intake, inhalation, and dermal contact will be subsequently investigated. An erratum to this article is available at.     

辽宁省产业结构对环境影响的初探

产业结构影响着一个地区社会经济以及环境等诸多方面。本文对辽宁省产业结构现状,主要行业产值及污染贡献率,以及产业结构调整对污染物排放强度变化影响进行剖析,较系统地分析了一个地区的产业结构对环境的影响,对环境管理及经济建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于网络分析的什邡市灾后产业结构调整研究

汶川大地震后什邡市已经进入了灾后重建的重要阶段。这次地震打乱了原有的产业结构体系,给什邡市的三次产业带来的损失是巨大的,因此灾后什邡市进行产业结构调整势在必行。基于网络分析的产业结构调整为产业结构优化升级提供了契机,使什邡市从核心企业的产业网络向循环经济模式的产业网络转变。     

US/Zn~0体系降解水中的对硝基苯甲酸

为高效去除水体中的对硝基苯甲酸、开发新型水处理技术,提出以超声与单质锌联用降解水中的对硝基苯甲酸。考察了锌投加量、溶液初始pH、声功率及溶液初始浓度对拟一级反应速率常数(k0US/Zn)的影响,比较了US、Zn0和US/Zn03体系下的降解常数,并对US/Zn0体系的降解机理进行了初探。结果表明,以上4种因素对k0US/Zn均有很大影响,k0US/Zn分别在溶液初始pH为5、声功率为120 W、溶液初始浓度为0.04 mmol/L时达到最大值,且随着锌投加量的增加而增加。超声与单质锌在降解对硝基苯甲酸的过程中存在很好的协同作用,在最优条件下,k0US/Zn=0.052 min-1,分别是单独超声降解及单独锌降解的21.5倍和2.53倍。在联用体系中,主要是依靠OH·氧化及单质锌还原的相互加强来去除对硝基苯甲酸。     

Changing pollutants to green biogases for the crop food cycle chain

Purpose

When fossil fuels on the Earth are used up, which kind of green energy can be used to replace them? Do every bioenergy generation or crop food chain results in environmental pollution? These questions are major concerns in a world facing restricted supplies of energy and food as well as environmental pollutions. To alleviate these issues, option biogases are explored in this paper.

Materials and methods

Two types of biogas generators were used for modifying the traditional crop food chain [viz. from atmospheric CO₂ photosynthesis to crops, crop stem/husk biowastes (burnt in cropland or as home fuels), to livestock droppings (dumping away), pork and people foods, then to CO₂], via turning the biowaste pollutants into green bioenergies. By analyzing the traditional food chain via observation method, the drawbacks of by-product biowastes were revealed. Also, the whole cycle chain was further analyzed to assess its ??greenness,?? using experimental data and other information, such as the material balance (e.g., the absorbed CO₂, investment versus generated food, energy, and wastes).

Results and discussion

The data show that by using the two types of biogas generators, clean renewable bioenergy, crop food, and livestock meat could be continuously produced without creating any waste to the world. The modification chain largely reduced CO₂ greenhouse gas and had a low-cost investment. The raw materials for the gas generators were only the wastes of crop stems and livestock droppings. Thus, the recommended CO₂ bioenergy cycle chain via the modification also greatly solved the environmental biowaste pollutions in the world.

Conclusions

The described two type biogases effectively addressed the issues on energy, food, and environmental pollution. The green renewable bioenergy from the food cycle chain may be one of suitable alternatives to fossil and tree fuels for agricultural countries.     

铜、镉复合污染红壤对黑麦草生长和土壤酶活性的影响

采用石灰石调节红壤酸性后,利用对铜、镉具有一定耐性的高产牧草黑麦草修复铜、镉复合污染土壤。分析黑麦草的生长、生理生化指标以及土壤中酶活性的变化,探索在修复铜、镉复合污染红壤的同时又满足饲料作物安全种植的土地利用方式。结果表明,对于弱酸性红壤（pH 6.0左右）,土壤铜全量较低时（〈50 mg/kg）,黑麦草的生物量、叶...