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251.
针对城市生活污水,研究了两点进水倒置A2/O-MBR(平板膜)系统(以下简称系统)对COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP、出水SS影响。结果表明,该系统对COD、NH+4-N具有较高的去除率,出水符合GB18918-2002中一级A标准;当混合液回流比为200%时,系统出水TN浓度小于15 mg/L;正常排泥后,系统对TP的去除率达83%左右;平板膜破损会导致出水SS、COD会受到影响。膜对COD、TP、SS有直接截留作用,由于系统出水几乎没有固体损失,可以精确控制污泥龄,有利于世代周期较长的硝化菌和反硝化菌生长;系统中的污泥浓度可以提高至15 000 mg/L,此时,即使进水量提高0.5倍,出水水质仍保持良好。 相似文献
252.
碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性及微囊藻毒素产率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究水体中不同碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响,以Na2CO3与葡萄糖分别作为铜绿微囊藻生长的无机碳源与有机碳源,将铜绿微囊藻于光照下进行培养,并对其一系列的生理特性与微囊藻毒素产率进行检测。实验结果表明,同等碳浓度下,有机碳源更能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长,经过30 d的培养,铜绿微囊藻在有机碳源中的产量为187.55 g,比其在无机碳源中的产量提高了6.06%;微囊藻毒素在有机碳源中的产量为969.00μg/g,而在无机碳源中的产量却升高至1 193.60μg/g。参与藻毒素合成的3种氨基酸在无机碳源中的浓度要比有机碳源中的浓度高,但是其余几种氨基酸的含量与之情况相反。而有机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻总可溶性蛋白含量为387.00μg/g,比无机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻的蛋白含量提高了93.60%。 相似文献
253.
针对富氧水中硝酸盐氮(NO-3-N),采用零价铁(ZVI)和甲醇支持的生物-化学联合法开展了批实验研究,探讨了ZVI类型、CH3OH∶N比、初始溶解氧(DO)浓度、初始NO-3-N浓度和水温等5个因素对联合法除氧脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,ZVI的除氧能力由高至低依次为:ZVI-C(0.124 d)>ZVI-A(0.141 d)>ZVI-B(0.179 d)。ZVI支持的联合法NO-3-N去除率由高至低依次为:ZVI-A(99.6%)>ZVI-C(95.3%)>ZVI-B(92.2%)。CH3OH∶N≤3.5∶1时,联合法去除<52.0%的NO-3-N;CH3OH∶N=10∶1时,去除100%的NO-3-N;CH3OH∶N=200∶1时,去除70.2%的NO-3-N。当初始DO浓度介于3.6~5.3 mg/L之间时,联合法的NO-3-N去除率介于98.8%~99.6%之间。在任意时刻,低底物浓度(5.2 mg/L)时的NO-3-N去除率低于高浓度(21.1 mg/L)时的去除率;低底物浓度下完全脱氮所需时间比高浓度下长2 d。15.0℃时联合法需要7 d可以达到完全脱氮,然而在27.5℃时则需要5 d。低温时亚硝酸盐氮浓度最大值(4.4 mg/L)显著高于高温时的最大值(1.1 mg/L)。ZVI类型、CH3OH∶N、初始NO-3-N浓度和水温显著影响联合法的脱氮效果,而初始DO浓度对联合法的影响不大。 相似文献
254.
Zunwei Chen Shufang Song Yuezhong Wen Yuqin Zou Huijun Liu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):17910-17918
The toxic effects of Cu (II) on the freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its chloroplast were investigated by detecting the responses of photosynthesis and oxidant stress. The results showed that Cu (II) arrested the growth of C. vulgaris and presented in a concentration- and time-dependent trend and the SRichards 2 model fitted the inhibition curve best. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including qP, Y (II), ETR, F v /F m , and F v /F 0, were stimulated at low concentration of Cu (II) but declined at high concentration, indicating the photosystem II (PSII) of C. vulgaris was destroyed by Cu (II). The chloroplasts were extracted, and the Hill reaction activity (HRA) of chloroplast was significantly decreased with the increasing Cu (II) concentration under both illuminating and dark condition, and faster decline speed was observed under dark condition. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also significantly decreased at high concentration Cu (II), companied with a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. All these results indicated a severe oxidative stress on algal cells occurred as well as the effect on photosynthesis, thus inhibiting the growth of algae, which providing sights to evaluate the phytotoxicity of Cu (II). 相似文献
255.
256.
Qi Fan Wei Yu Shaojia Fan Xuemei Wang Jing Lan Delong Zou 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(4):406-418
This study focuses on the influences of a warm high-pressure meteorological system on aerosol pollutants, employing the simulations by the Models-3/CMAQ system and the observations collected during October 10–12, 2004, over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. The results show that the spatial distributions of air pollutants are generally circular near Guangzhou and Foshan, which are cities with high emissions rates. The primary pollutant is particulate matter (PM) over the PRD. MM5 shows reasonable performance for major meteorological variables (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, wind direction) with normalized mean biases (NMB) of 4.5–38.8% and for their time series. CMAQ can capture one peak of all air pollutant concentrations on October 11, but misses other peaks. The CMAQ model systematically underpredicts the mass concentrations of all air pollutants. Compared with chemical observations, SO2 and O3 are predicted well with a correlation coefficient of 0.70 and 0.65. PM2.5 and NO are significantly underpredicted with an NMB of 43% and 90%, respectively. The process analysis results show that the emission, dry deposition, horizontal transport, and vertical transport are four main processes affecting air pollutants. The contributions of each physical process are different for the various pollutants. The most important process for PM10 is dry deposition, and for NOx it is transport. The contributions of horizontal and vertical transport processes vary during the period, but these two processes mostly contribute to the removal of air pollutants at Guangzhou city, whose emissions are high. For this high-pressure case, the contributions of the various processes show high correlations in cities with the similar geographical attributes. According to the statistical results, cities in the PRD region are divided into four groups with different features. The contributions from local and nonlocal emission sources are discussed in different groups.
Implications: The characteristics of aerosol pollution episodes are intensively studied in this work using the high-resolution modeling system MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ, with special efforts on examining the contributions of different physical and chemical processes to air concentrations for each city over the PRD region by a process analysis method, so as to provide a scientific basis for understanding the formation mechanism of regional aerosol pollution under the high-pressure system over PRD. 相似文献
257.
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259.
环境管理与需求分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
邹欣庆 《中国人口.资源与环境》2000,10(4):24-26
本文着重对环境问题的人的需求进行分析,从满足需求的角度,总结环境管理的经验。 相似文献
260.