Species- and tissue-specific accumulation of Dechlorane Plus in three terrestrial passerine bird species from the Pearl River Delta, South China

Little data is available on the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in terrestrial organisms. Three terrestrial passerine bird species, light-vented bulbul, long-tailed shrike, and oriental magpie-robin, were collected from rural and urban sites in the Pearl River Delta to analyze for the presence of DP and its dechlorinated products in muscle and liver tissues. The relationships between trophic level and concentration and isomeric composition of DP in birds were also investigated based on stable nitrogen isotope analysis. DP levels had a wide range from 3.9 to 930 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight (lw) in muscle and from 7.0 to 1300 ng g⁻¹ lw in liver. Anti-Cl₁₁-DP and syn-Cl₁₁-DP, two dechlorinated products of DP, were also detected in bird samples with concentrations ranged between not detected (nd)-41 and nd-7.6 ng g⁻¹ lw, respectively. DP preferentially accumulated in liver rather than in muscle for all three bird species. Birds had significantly higher concentrations of DP in urban sites than in rural sites (mean, 300 vs 73 ng g⁻¹ lw). The fractions of anti-DP (f_anti) were higher in birds collected in rural sites than in urban sites. Significant positive correlation between DP levels and δ¹⁵N values but significant negative correlation between f_anti and δ¹⁵N values were found for birds in both urban and rural sites, indicating that trophic level of birds play an important role in determining DP level and isomeric profile.     

中温煤焦油加工废水零排放技术方案设计研究

中温煤焦油加工过程中产生的废水中的主要特征污染物为酚类及其衍生物等高毒性、难降解有机物。通过对内蒙古自治区某煤焦油加工项目煤焦油废水的水质分析,提出了将全厂的废水分为高浓度、低浓度和生活污水分别进行处理的工艺技术方案,采用物理＋生化＋深度处理的工艺流程处理煤焦油废水后全部回用于循环水补水,以期最终实现废水的零排放。     

泄漏检测与维修质量控制

从"人、机、料、法、环"5个方面,阐述了如何做好泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)工作过程的质量控制,并针对性地提出了部分具体质量控制措施。     

疏水硅胶与活性炭在油气回收中的应用研究

利用加油站的模拟油气回收装置研究了自制疏水硅胶、活性炭以及两者混合物的吸脱附性能,结果表明:在不同浓度的油气以及进气速度下,疏水硅胶的吸附速度较慢,吸附量较小,但油气更容易脱附,二者混合后效果更好,疏水硅胶有望在吸附法油气回收领域能得到广泛应用。     

炼化装置泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)现状及发展趋势

对比分析泄漏检测技术现状、检测与维修效果,同时给出国内外设备泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)发展趋势,以中国石化炼化企业开展设备泄漏检测与维修为例,提出集团公司各炼化企业开展LDAR的建议。     

Characteristics of heavy metals and Pb isotopic signatures in sediment cores collected from typical urban shallow lakes in Nanjing, China

To investigate the contamination levels and sources for heavy metals that have occurred during the development of cities, sediment cores collected from typical urban shallow lakes (Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake) in Nanjing, China were analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and for Pb stable isotopic ratios. No significant differences were found in the concentrations of Cu, Ni and Cd among sediment layers from Xuanwu or in the levels of Cr and Ni among sediment layers from Mochou. However, there were significant differences among the layers in the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Pb in Xuanwu and Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in Mochou. Based on geoaccumulation indexes and enrichment factors, Cd was the primary pollutant at all depths in the sediment cores. The ratios of (206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb differ significantly among sediment layers in Xuanwu. No significant differences were found on the ratios of (208)Pb/(206)Pb in Mochou, but the ratios of (206)Pb/(207)Pb differ significantly among some of the sediment layers in Mochou. The range of (208)Pb/(206)Pb and (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios was found to be 2.098-2.106 and 1.170-1.176, respectively, for sediment cores from Mochou Lake and 2.091-2.104 and 1.168-1.183, respectively, for cores from Xuanwu Lake. The differences in heavy metal concentrations and the Pb isotopic ratios with depth for the cores from Xuanwu and Mochou confirmed that the contamination sources changed during the formation of the different sediment layers. Furthermore, the ratios of (206)Pb/(207)Pb demonstrated that gasoline and vehicular Pb were not the primary sources of Pb contamination at different depths in the sediment cores in Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake.     

米埔湿地冬季鸟类对气象及生态质量响应研究

为探讨气象及生态气象质量与湿地生态系统内鸟类变化的关系,文章以香港米埔湿地为例,利用米铺湿地1979—2009年留鸟人工观测数据、香港天文台公布气象数据和以2000—2009年4期等时间间距研究区的景观变化数据,分析湿地内留鸟数量对研究区气象及生态气象质量变化的响应。结果表明：（1）湿地留鸟数量与温度和最低能见度时数相关性显著,与降水量和月均日照时数变化相关性较小;（2）5种生态气象评价指数（EMI）与同期鸟类数量的相关性分析表明,留鸟与综合生态评价指数（ECAI）呈正相关。其中与水体指数（WDI）正相关系数最大,与土地利用退化指数（LDI）负相关系数最大,相关系数分别为0.88和-0.85;而与湿润指数（HI）和植被指数（VDI）相关性较小。研究表明,保护生态环境,调节气候变化幅度,对保护留鸟的生存空间,延续生物的生态平衡具有重要意义。     

炉排炉垃圾焚烧控制策略

结合天津泰环再生资源利用有限公司贯庄垃圾焚烧发电项目中希格斯机械炉排炉的应用,介绍了炉排炉焚烧线工艺流程,并重点分析了炉排炉焚烧线中一次风、二次风、给料及炉排速度等系统的控制策略。     

浮式与固定式溢油应急设备库的匹配作业及工艺方案分析

依据溢油应急浮式设备库的职责和功能要求,分析了浮式设备库与固定式设备库的匹配作业和浮式设备库三种作业工艺方案。结果表明:固定式设备库与浮式设备库是互相匹配和补充的整体,针对不同规模的溢油事故,浮式设备库宜采取的作业工艺方案也不同。     

溢油应急浮式设备库设计方案

依据溢油应急浮式设备库配置设备的类型及数量,提出了设备库的设计方案;设备库将以趸船为基础,设计了底舱、设备库房、会议室、办公室、休息室和溢油处置辅助设备,设备库房和底舱配置了动力驱动系统、布放设备、溢油卸载、围控、回收、储存、油水分离及移驳过驳等设备,实现了设备库的平台承载、溢油应急处置和辅助三大功能。