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71.
A.E. af Wåhlberg Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(4):381-383
Problem
Studies on individual differences in traffic safety report differently on their methodologies, and use different statistics, and these are therefore difficult to compare and meta-analyze.Method
Based upon a previous, extensive review and meta-analysis of the traffic safety literature, several recommendations are made about what features of the methodology of studies on individual differences (including evaluations) in safety need to be reported to facilitate interpretation and meta-analysis. Similarly, some basic types of statistical values are recommended.Impact on Industry
The accumulation of knowledge about individual differences in traffic safety would be facilitated if scientific authors and journals adhered to these guidelines. 相似文献72.
A.E. af Wåhlberg Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(4):331-338
Introduction
Offending drivers are often re-educated, but these courses have seldom been shown to have any safety effects.Method
An on-line improvement course for offending drivers below the age of 25 was evaluated with several driver inventories.Results
The drivers reported higher levels of aggression, stress, sensation seeking, drunk driving, and driving violations, six months after the course than before. However, these levels were lower than those of controls, indicating that the initially low levels for the education group were due to socially desirable responding, as measured by a lie scale, an effect that waned after the course.Discussion
The results can be interpreted as a positive effect of the education, although this conclusion is tentative and not in agreement with all effects in the data.Impact on industry
The results are in disagreement with previous evaluation studies using the same or similar instruments, and show the need to include controls for social desirability in self-report studies. 相似文献73.
Charles M. Farmer Author Vitae Bevan B. Kirley Author VitaeAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(1):39-2367
Objectives
The objective was to determine if teenage driving behavior improves when a monitoring and feedback device is installed in the teen's vehicle.Methods
Vehicles of 85 teenage drivers were fit with a device that detected all instances of sudden braking/acceleration, speeding, and nonuse of seat belts. Drivers were assigned randomly to one of four research groups, differing in whether or not an alert sounded in the vehicle and whether or not parents were given access to websites containing notification records. Time trends in event rates per mile traveled were compared using Poisson regression.Results
Seat belt use improved when violations were reported to the parent websites, and improved even more when in-vehicle alerts were activated. Consistent reductions in speeding were achieved only when teenagers received alerts about their speeding behavior, believed their speeding behavior would not be reported to parents if corrected, and when parents were being notified of such behavior by report cards.Conclusions
Electronic monitoring of teenage drivers can reduce the incidence of risky behavior, especially seat belt nonuse. More complicated behavior is more difficult to change, however.Impact on Industry
Parent participation is key to successful behavioral modification, but it is yet to be determined how best to encourage such participation. 相似文献74.
Mary Anne McDonald Author Vitae Hester J. Lipscomb Author Vitae Author Vitae Judith Glazner Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(1):53-61
Problem
Construction risk management is challenging.Method
We combined data on injuries, costs, and hours worked, obtained through a Rolling Owner-Controlled Insurance Program (ROCIP), with data from focus groups, interviews, and field observations, to prospectively study injuries and hazard control on a large university construction project.Results
Lost-time injury rates (1.0/200,000 hours worked) were considerably lower than reported for the industry, and there were no serious falls from height. Safety was considered in the awarding of contracts and project timeline development; hazard management was iterative. A top-down management commitment to safety was clearly communicated to, and embraced by, workers throughout the site.Discussion and Impact
A better understanding of how contracting relationships, workers' compensation, and liability insurance arrangements influence safety could shift risk management efforts from worker behaviors to a broader focus on how these programs and relationships affect incentives and disincentives for workplace safety and health. 相似文献75.
Kathleen F. Carlson Author Vitae Susan G. Gerberich Author Vitae Author Vitae Ann S. Masten Author Vitae Author Vitae John M. Shutske Author Vitae Author Vitae Colleen M. Renier Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(2):97-103
Problem
Children on family agricultural operations have high risk of injury. The association between children's behavioral traits and their risk of injury is not well understood.Method
Data from the Regional Rural Injury Study-II were used to assess behavioral risk factors for injury to children ages six to < 20 years. A total of 379 injury events (cases) and 1,562 randomly selected controls were identified. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), calculated using logistic regression, were used to estimate injury risk in reference to behavioral traits.Results
Injury risks were greater for children with high levels of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.7) and aggression (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.9-2.7), and low levels of careful/cautious behavior (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.1-2.9). Children with low levels of self-regulation had reduced risks (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.2-0.8).Discussion
Results suggest that children's behaviors affect their risk of agricultural injury. Additional research could elucidate mechanisms and inform interventions.Impact on industry
The development of multifaceted, sustainable approaches for prevention is necessary for this unique population. These findings suggest a need for interventions that incorporate specific behavior-related risk factors in the context of family farms and ranches. 相似文献76.
Yoko Ishigami Author Vitae Raymond M. Klein Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(2):157-164
Introduction
Although it is becoming more and more accepted that driving while talking on a cell phone can be hazardous, most jurisdictions are making handheld phone use illegal while allowing hands-free phone use.Methods
The scientific literature exploring the effects of these two types of cell phone use on driving and driving-related performance is reviewed here.Results
Our review shows that talking on the phone, regardless of phone type, has negative impacts on performance especially in detecting and identifying events. Performance while using a hands-free phone was rarely found to be better than when using a handheld phone. Some studies found that drivers compensate for the deleterious effects of cell phone use when using a handheld phone but neglect to do so when using a hands-free phone.Impact on Industry
Current research does not support the decision to allow hands-free phone use while driving. 相似文献77.
Jaesin Sa Author Vitae Author Vitae Sang D. Choi Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(1):1-6
Introduction
The purpose of this investigation was to compare commercial roofers and residential roofers in terms of their behaviors, beliefs, working conditions, and attitudes toward the use of fall protection devices, which could lead to fall accidents.Methods
A cross-sectional sample of 252 roofers participated in the survey in the Midwest (Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Iowa).Results
Residential roofers were more likely to fall (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.86, 2.27) than commercial roofers. Existence of fall protection programs, enforcement of fall protection device use, actual use of fall protection devices, work type, company size, and race/ethnicity were significantly associated with fall accidents.Impact on industry
This study adds insight into fall accidents from roofs in the construction industry and provides industry-specific cautions against fall accidents that can be reflected in regulatory agency implementation. 相似文献78.
Peter J. Martin Author Vitae Author Vitae John F. Culvenor Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(1):13-19
Problem
This study evaluated the effect of introducing a No Lifting policy on back injuries to nurses, across an entire health care system.Methods
Methods included: analysis of the data for all public health agencies in the Australian state of Victoria; compensation data from the Victorian Workcover Authority; data about workforce and program implementation from a retrospective survey of agencies; longitudinal analysis of standardized workers compensation claim rates for back injuries before, during and after the intervention.Results
A statistically significant decline in back injury claim rates during implementation contrasted with no statistically significant trends within the periods before and after the intervention. A statistically significant reduction occurred in mean quarterly standard back injury claim incidence rates per 1,000 equivalent fulltime nursing staff (EFTNS), representing a 24% reduction in standard back injury claims/1000 EFTNS.Discussion
Ergonomics principles encourage changing the work environment to suit the worker. This approach delivered a significant improvement in the immediate term.Impact of industry
The substantial decline in back injury rates signifies a major improvement in the safety of a critical aspect of the work environment for nurses. 相似文献79.
Finn Tüchsen Author Vitae Karl Bang Christensen Author VitaeAuthor Vitae Johnny Dyreborg Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(1):21-24
Problem
This study estimated the hazard ratio for disability pension retirement (DPR) for persons who have experienced a work injury causing absence lasting at least one day after the accidental injury occurred and to estimate the fraction of DPR attributable to work injuries.Methods:
A total of 4,217 male and 4,105 female employees from a national survey were followed up for subsequent DPR.Results and impact on industry and government:
Having had a work injury was a strong predictor of DPR among men. After control for age, smoking, body mass index, body postures, and physical demands, the hazard ratio (HR) among those employees who had ever experienced a work injury was 1.80 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-2.68). No association was found among women.Summary:
Having had a reportable work injury is a strong predictor of subsequent DPR for men. 相似文献80.
Charles C. Liu Author Vitae Simon G. Hosking Author Vitae Michael G. Lenné Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(4):239-245