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41.
42.
Le Bourg E 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(6):293-296
Previous studies have shown that exposing flies to hypergravity (3g or 5g) for the first 2 weeks of adult life slightly increases longevity of male flies and survival time at 37°C for both sexes, and delays an age-linked behavioral change. The present experiment tested whether the hypergravity could also protect flies from four successive deleterious non-lethal heat shocks at 4 and 5 weeks of age. Males that lived in hypergravity for the first 2 weeks of adult life lived slightly longer (ca. +15% or 1.2 day) after heat shocks (30 min or 45 min at 37°C) than flies that always lived at 1g, but this positive effect of hypergravity was not observed in females. Therefore, hypergravity exposure at young age can help the male flies recovering from a heat shock at older ages. 相似文献
43.
Morin-Crini Nadia Loiacono Sonia Placet Vincent Torri Giangiacomo Bradu Corina Kostić Mirjana Cosentino Cesare Chanet Gilles Martel Bernard Lichtfouse Eric Crini Grégorio 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):393-408
Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the increasing focus on renewable materials and sustainability issues, the development of non-conventional materials from natural resources and possessing... 相似文献
44.
Kumar P. Senthil Suganya S. Srinivas S. Priyadharshini S. Karthika M. Karishma Sri R. Swetha V. Naushad Mu. Lichtfouse Eric 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(4):1707-1726
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Delivering the right amount of fluoride to drinking water protects the teeth from decay and reduces the risk of cavities. Nonetheless, fluorosis has been... 相似文献
45.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - During the last 30 years, environmental issues about the chemical and biological contaminations of water have become a major concern for society, public... 相似文献
46.
Sharma Virender K. Ma Xingmao Lichtfouse Eric Robert Didier 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(4):1933-1936
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nanoplastics are probably much more dangerous for living organisms than microplastics because they are more abundant and reactive. They can potentially... 相似文献
47.
Defining patch mosaic functional types to predict invasion patterns in a forest landscape. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Olivier Chabrerie Frédéric Roulier Hélène Hoeblich Emmanuelle Sebert-Cuvillier Déborah Closset-Kopp Isabelle Leblanc Jér?me Jaminon Guillaume Decocq 《Ecological applications》2007,17(2):464-481
Alien plant invasions contribute significantly to global changes by often affecting biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Operational methods for identifying landscape attributes that promote or constrain plant invasions are urgently needed to predict their future spread and manage them efficiently. We combined landscape and functional ecology concepts to define patch mosaic functional types (PMFTs) as groups of cells showing the same response to a plant invasion in a heterogeneous forest landscape. The invasion of a European temperate forest by the American black cherry (Prunus serotina) has been chosen as a case study. A set of variables was collected, mapped using a Geographic Information System, and analyzed with multivariate analyses to correlate landscape traits with Prunus serotina abundance in each cell of a grid overlaid on the forest. A risk index was derived and mapped for three invasion levels: seedling colonization, tree establishment, and ecosystem invasion. Five PMFTs were identified and characterized by a set of traits related to soil properties, land use, disturbance, and invasion history. Scots pine plantations on podzols were the most invasible, while cells dominated by hydromorphic or calcareous soils were the most resistant. Most colonized patch mosaics provided suitable conditions for future establishment and invasion. Being strongly spatially connected, suitable patches provide corridors for Prunus serotina to colonize new parts of the forest. Conversely, the most resistant PMFTs were spatially agglomerated in the south of the forest and could act as a barrier. Colonization, establishment, and invasion risk maps were finally obtained by combining partial risks associated with each landscape trait at the cell scale. Within a heterogeneous landscape, we defined and organized PMFTs into a hierarchy, according to their associated risk for colonization, establishment, or invasion by a given invasive species. Each hierarchical level should be associated with a management strategy aiming at reducing one or more partial risk. Monitoring safe areas, extending cutting rotations, harvesting recently colonized stands tree by tree, promoting a multilayered understory vegetation, cutting down reproducing alien trees, favoring shade-tolerant, fast-growing, native tree species, removing alien trees at the leading edge, and proposing soil enrichment or irrigation in heavily invaded areas are recommended. 相似文献
48.
Frédéric Angelier Henri Weimerskirch Stéphanie Dano Olivier Chastel 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(4):611-621
The ultimate factors influencing age-specific reproductive performance in birds have been widely discussed, and several hypotheses
have been suggested to explain why young/inexperienced breeders have lower reproductive success than older individuals. In
comparison, proximate factors and, particularly, hormonal mechanisms influencing age-related reproductive performance have
received lesser attention. In this paper, we examined how baseline levels of corticosterone and prolactin, two hormones involved
in reproduction, changed with age and experience in a long-lived bird, the Black-browed albatross (Thallasarche melanophris) during the brooding stage. Corticosterone levels were not linked to age, whereas prolactin levels increased until individuals
reached 15 years of age. First-time breeders had higher corticosterone levels and lower prolactin levels than experienced
ones. Corticosterone levels were not correlated with breeding experience among experienced birds, whereas prolactin levels
slightly increased with advancing experience. Among experienced breeders, there was no effect of individual quality on corticosterone
and prolactin levels. Baseline corticosterone and prolactin levels were respectively, positively and negatively correlated
to time spent fasting/brooding on the nest. Moreover, the probability of successfully fledging a chick was negatively related
to corticosterone levels, but not to prolactin levels. Elevated corticosterone levels in first time breeders may serve as
evidence for depleted body reserves resulting from lower foraging/brooding capabilities and therefore support the constraint
hypothesis. Low prolactin levels in young/inexperienced birds may be interpreted either as evidence for their lower breeding
capacities (constraint hypothesis) or for their limited breeding investment (restraint hypothesis). Finally, we report, for
the first time, the hormonal changes associated with the onset of senescence. The very old and most experienced birds, which
had the lowest probability of successfully fledging a young, displayed elevated corticosterone levels and low prolactin levels,
possibly indicating a degradation of breeding skills and/or a disruption of the endocrine system in senescent birds. 相似文献
49.
Frédéric Mineur Mark P. Johnson Christine A. Maggs Herre Stegenga 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1299-1307
Hull fouling is thought to have been the vector of introduction for many algal species. We studied ships arriving at a Mediterranean
harbour to clarify the present role of commercial cargo shipping in algal introductions. A total of 31 macroalgal taxa were
identified from 22 sampled hulls. The majority of records (58%) were of species with a known cosmopolitan geographical distribution.
Due to a prevalence of cosmopolitan species and a high turnover of fouling communities, species composition of assemblages
did not appear to be influenced by the area of origin, length of ship or age of coating. In the light of the present results,
hull fouling on standard trading commercial vessels does not seem to pose a significant risk for new macroalgal species introductions.
However, a high proportion of non-cosmopolitan species found on a ship with non-toxic coating may modify this assessment,
especially in the light of the increasing use of such coatings and the potential future changes in shipping routes. 相似文献
50.
Mesocosm studies using sub-Antarctic soil artificially contaminated with diesel or crude oil were conducted in Kerguelen Archipelago (49 degrees 21' S, 70 degrees 13' E) in an attempt to evaluate the potential of a bioremediation approach in high latitude environments. All mesocosms were sampled on a regular basis over six months period. Soils responded positively to temperature increase from 4 degrees C to 20 degrees C, and to the addition of a commercial oleophilic fertilizer containing N and P. Both factors increased the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation. In general, alkanes were faster degraded than polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After 180 days, total alkane losses of both oils reached 77-95% whereas total PAHs never exceeded 80% with optimal conditions at 10 degrees C and fertilizer added. Detailed analysis of naphthalenes, dibenzothiophenes, phenanthrenes, and pyrenes showed a clear decrease of their degradation rate as a function of the size of the PAH molecules. During the experiment there was only a slight decrease in the toxicity, whereas the concentration of TPH decreased significantly during the same time. The most significant reduction in toxicity occurred at 4 degrees C. Therefore, bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sub-Antarctic soil appears to be feasible, and various engineering strategies, such as heating or amending the soil can accelerate hydrocarbon degradation. However, the residual toxicity of contaminated soil remained drastically high before the desired cleanup is complete and it can represent a limiting factor in the bioremediation of sub-Antarctic soil. 相似文献