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91.
92.
Alain Dejean Nicolas Labrière Axel Touchard Frédéric Petitclerc Olivier Roux 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(4):323-330
We tested if nesting habits influence ant feeding preferences and predatory behavior in the monophyletic genus Pseudomyrmex (Pseudomyrmecinae) which comprises terrestrial and arboreal species, and, among the latter, plant-ants which are obligate inhabitants of myrmecophytes (i.e., plants sheltering so-called plant-ants in hollow structures). A cafeteria experiment revealed that the diet of ground-nesting Pseudomyrmex consists mostly of prey and that of arboreal species consists mostly of sugary substances, whereas the plant-ants discarded all the food we provided. Workers forage solitarily, detecting prey from a distance thanks to their hypertrophied eyes. Approach is followed by antennal contact, seizure, and the manipulation of the prey to sting it under its thorax (next to the ventral nerve cord). Arboreal species were not more efficient at capturing prey than were ground-nesting species. A large worker size favors prey capture. Workers from ground- and arboreal-nesting species show several uncommon behavioral traits, each known in different ant genera from different subfamilies: leaping abilities, the use of surface tension strengths to transport liquids, short-range recruitment followed by conflicts between nestmates, the consumption of the prey’s hemolymph, and the retrieval of entire prey or pieces of prey after having cut it up. Yet, we never noted group ambushing. We also confirmed that Pseudomyrmex plant-ants live in a kind of food autarky as they feed only on rewards produced by their host myrmecophyte, or on honeydew produced by the hemipterans they attend and possibly on the fungi they cultivate. 相似文献
93.
94.
Cécile Courdier John Boudjarane Valérie Malan Christine Muti Brian Sperelakis-Beedham Sylvie Odent Sylvie Jaillard Chloé Quelin Cédric Le Caignec Olivier Patat Charlotte Dubucs Sophie Julia Caroline Schluth-Bolard Carole Goumy Sylvia Redon Jean-Baptiste Gaillard Minh Tuan Huynh Céline Dupont Anne-Claude Tabet Guillaume Cogan François Vialard Rodolphe Dard Guillaume Jedraszak Florence Jobic Mathilde Lefebvre Geneviève Quenum Saori Inai Mélanie Rama Fanny Sauvestre Frédéric Coatleven Julie Thomas Caroline Rooryck 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):734-745
95.
Think globally, act locally'? Climate change and public participation in Manchester and Frankfurt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
'Think Globally, Act Locally' was one of the most famous slogans of the 1970s environmental movement. Discourses about global climate change are now a vivid illustration of this new 'global thinking'. Although there is a substantial amount of research about global environmental issues and policy initiatives, there is still a gap in understanding of how lay publics actually comprehend global climate change. Using qualitative research method, this study is a comparison of how lay publics in Frankfurt (Germany) and Manchester (UK) perceive these issues and the possible solutions. The study found strong similarities in lay public perceptions in both cities including that (1) awareness of global environmental issues is always contextualised in broader perspectives not exclusively 'environmental', (2) there is a shared and strong sense of global equity based on recognition of differences and (3) there is an ambivalence about the role of environmental 'information'. Differences between lay public perceptions in Manchester and Frankfurt can be explained by specific features of national cultures. 相似文献
96.
MARÍA SAURA ANDRÉS PÉREZ‐FIGUEROA JESÚS FERNÁNDEZ MIGUEL A. TORO ARMANDO CABALLERO 《Conservation biology》2008,22(5):1277-1287
Abstract: Optimization of contributions of parents to progeny by minimizing the average coancestry of the progeny is an effective strategy for maintaining genetic diversity in ex situ conservation programs, but its application on the basis of molecular markers has the negative collateral effect of homogenizing the allelic frequencies at each locus. Because one of the objectives of a conservation program is to preserve the genetic composition of the original endangered population, we devised a method in which markers are used to maintain the allele frequency distribution at each locus as closely as possible to that of the native population. Contributions of parents were obtained so as to minimize changes in allele frequency for a set of molecular markers in a population of reduced size. We used computer simulations, under a range of scenarios, to assess the effectiveness of the method in comparison with methods in which contributions of minimum coancestry are sought, either making use of molecular markers or genealogical information. Our simulations indicated that the proposed method effectively maintained the original distribution of allele frequencies, particularly under strong linkage, and maintained acceptable levels of genetic diversity in the population. Nevertheless, contributions of minimum coancestry determined from pedigree information but ignoring the genealogy previous to the conservation program, was the most effective method for maintaining allelic frequencies in realistic situations. 相似文献
97.
VALÉRIE ST‐AMOUR TRENTON W.J. GARNER ALBRECHT I. SCHULTE‐HOSTEDDE DAVID LESBARRÈRES 《Conservation biology》2010,24(3):788-794
Abstract: Developmental instability, measured as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), is often used as a tool to measure stress and the overall quality of organisms. Under FA, it is assumed that control of symmetry during development is costly and that under stress the trajectory of development is disturbed, resulting in asymmetric morphologies. Amphibian emergent infectious diseases (EIDs), such as Ranavirus and chytrid fungus, have been involved in several mortality events, which makes them stressors and allows for the study of FA. We analyzed nine populations of green frogs (Rana clamitans) for the presence or absence of Ranavirus and chytrid fungus. Individuals were measured to determine levels of FA in seven traits under the hypothesis that FA is more likely to be observed in individuals infected by the pathogens. Significantly higher levels of FA were found in individuals with Ranavirus compared with uninfected individuals among all populations and all traits. We did not observe FA in individuals infected with chytrid fungus for any of the traits measured. Additionally, we observed a significant association between Ranavirus infection and levels of FA in both males and females, which may indicate this viral disease is likely to affect both sexes during development. Altogether, our results indicate that some EIDs may have far‐reaching and nonlethal effects on individual development and populations harboring such diseases and that FA can be used as a conservation tool to identify populations subject to such a stress. 相似文献
98.
99.
VIRGINIA GALLEGOS PÉRULA RAFAEL M. NAVARRO CERRILLO PILAR FERNÁNDEZ REBOLLOo GEMADEL VALLE MURILLO 《Environmental management》2003,31(1):0086-0099
The objective of this study was to examine postfire regeneration of tree, shrub, and dwarf shrub species, in relation to levels
of damage in four planted pine forests (Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster) in Andalusia. A prefire vegetation map was used for detailing species composition, vertical structure, and density and another
for detailing the extent and intensity of fire damage. Between 3 and 7 years after the fires, an inventory was made of the
vegetation in each area, using the step-point method. The information thus obtained was used to determine the amount of cover
in the dwarf/shrub and tree layers, the frequency of species in each of the layers, floristic richness, and diversity (Shannon
index). The botanical composition of the dwarf and shrub layer was analyzed using TWINSPAN. Variables were poorly correlated
with level of fire damage, which suggests that the forests in this study followed the autosuccession model. Because of the
artificial origin or seminatural condition, regeneration of the dominant tree species is poor, and it seems unlikely that
forests will recover to their prefire state. Therefore action is recommended to restore these ecosystems. 相似文献
100.
Mousazadeh Milad Paital Biswaranjan Naghdali Zohreh Mortezania Zohreh Hashemi Marjan Karamati Niaragh Elnaz Aghababaei Mohammad Ghorbankhani Melika Lichtfouse Eric Sillanpää Mika Hashim Khalid S. Emamjomeh Mohammad Mahdi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):12738-12760
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The outbreak of COVID-19 has made a global catastrophic situation that caused 1,039,406 deaths out of 35,347,404 infections, and it will also cause... 相似文献