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61.
62.
Pinjing He Na Yang Wenjuan Fang Fan Lü Liming Shao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):175-185
To understand the influence patterns and interactions of three important environmental factors, i.e. soil water content, oxygen
concentration, and ammonium addition, on methane oxidation, the soils from landfill cover layers were incubated under full
factorial parameter settings. In addition to the methane oxidation rate, the quantities and community structures of methanotrophs
were analyzed to determine the methane oxidation capacity of the soils. Canonical correspondence analysis was utilized to
distinguish the important impact factors. Water content was found to be the most important factor influencing the methane
oxidation rate and Type II methanotrophs, and the optimum value was 15% (w/w), which induced methane oxidation rates 10- and
6- times greater than those observed at 5% (w/w) and 20% (w/w), respectively. Ambient oxygen conditions were more suitable
for methane oxidation than 3% oxygen. The addition of 100 mg-N·kgdrysoil−1 of ammonium induced different effects on methane oxidation capacity when conducted at low or high water content. With regard
to the methanotrophs, Type II was sensitive to the changes of water content, while Type I was influenced by oxygen content.
Furthermore, the methanotrophic acidophile, Verrucomicrobia, was detected in soils with a pH of 4.9, which extended their known living environments. 相似文献
63.
64.
氧化石墨烯的水环境行为及其生物毒性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氧化石墨烯是一类石墨烯衍生物,性质独特,应用广泛,生产量急剧增加,其环境风险日益引起关注.氧化石墨烯具有高亲水性和表面活性,在水中易分散,易随水流发生迁移转化,可能对水环境和水生生物造成不利影响.因此,明确氧化石墨烯的水环境行为及其生态效应,对于正确理解和评估其环境风险,合理规划其使用和回收具有重要意义.目前,该领域的研究涵盖了氧化石墨烯在水环境中的分散/团聚、吸附、还原、降解、沉积等行为,及对微生物、浮游动物、藻类和鱼类等水生生物的毒性表现.本文综述了相关研究成果,分析了当前研究面临的挑战并展望其研究前景. 相似文献
65.
Buddhika?Abeywickarama Udaya?Ralapanawa Rohana?ChandrajithEmail author 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(5):1203-1214
An area with extremely high incidence of urinary calculi was investigated in the view of identifying the relationship between the disease prevalence and the drinking water geochemistry. The prevalence of the kidney stone disease in the selected Padiyapelella–Hanguranketa area in Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is significantly higher compared with neighboring regions. Drinking water samples were collected from water sources that used by clinically identified kidney stone patients and healthy people. A total of 83 samples were collected and analyzed for major anions and cations. The anions in the area varied in the order HCO3 ? > Cl? > SO4 2? > NO3 ? and cations varied in the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ > Fe2+. The dissolved silica that occurs as silicic acid (H4SiO4) in natural waters varied from 8.8 to 84 mg/L in prevalence samples, while it was between 9.7 and 65 mg/L for samples from non-prevalence locations. Hydrogeochemical data obtained from the two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. It showed that pH, total hardness, Na+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ had significant difference (p < 0.005) between water sources used by patients and non-patients. Elemental ratio plots, Gibbs’ plot and factor analysis indicated that the chemical composition of water sources in this area is strongly influenced by rock–water interactions, particularly the weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals. This study reveals a kind of association between stone formation and drinking water geochemistry as evident by the high hardness/calcium contents in spring water used by patients. 相似文献
66.
Catecholamines and their metabolites affect children's nervous system. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the brain. In the routine analysis for diagnostics of diseases, the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) is determined. Mercury is a neurotoxic agent and can cause different undesirable effects on the brain. In the present work a putative correlation between HVA, the main metabolite of dopamine, and mercury in urine of healthy and autistic children was studied. The level of HVA was higher in the urine of autistic children (14.5 ± 8.3 mg L?1) compared to generally healthy children (4.4 ± 0.5 mg L?1). The level of mercury in the urine of autistic children was lower (0.36 ± 0.24 µg L?1) than in the urine of healthy children (2.1 ± 1.0 µg L?1) showing that there is no correlation between HVA and mercury. 相似文献
67.
In this study, we investigated the effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. extract (MCE) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems, and several liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats. Rats were divided into five groups. The first group (control group) was fed on standard feed. The rats in the other groups (CCl4, MCE50, MCE100, and MCE200) were injected intraperitoneally with 0.8?mL?kg?1 CCl4. Moreover, rats in the MCE50, MCE100, and MCE200 groups were gavaged with 50?mg?kg?1, 100?mg?kg?1, and 200?mg?kg?1 MCE, respectively. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, whole blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity levels were measured after 14 days of exposure. ALT and AST in the CCl4 group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (p?0.001). MCE decreased MDA levels and increased GSH, SOD, and GPx activities. Decreases were observed in CAT activity levels in the CCl4, MCE50, MCE100, and MCE200 groups at different significance levels. In conclusion, the findings suggest that, depending on the dose administered, MCE decreases CCl4-induced damage and consequent oxidative stress in rats; it affects the antioxidant system positively. 相似文献
68.
Accumulation of metals by aquatic organisms is mostly affected by other biological components in environments. In this study, cadmium (Cd) accumulation in green algae, Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz., exposed to 0.1 and 1.0 mg L?1 of Cd for 15 and 30 days was examined in laboratory conditions in the presence of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). The green algae C. glomerata accumulated Cd concentrations as 690 ± 70 and 3430 ± 470 mg kg?1 on day 15, and 1130 ± 180 and 6830 ± 1540 mg kg?1 on day 30. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in metal accumulation by green algae as the exposure time and metal concentration increased. The results also indicated that the presence of Nile tilapia in the medium led to a significant Cd accumulation in the green algae compared to control (p < 0.05). 相似文献
69.
洞庭湖湿地Cd富集植物蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis)的耐性生理机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用盆栽植株和外源Cd胁迫的方法,分别对不同生长期蒌蒿植株根、叶组织中的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白及MDA含量进行测定,以揭示蒌蒿在Cd胁迫下的抗氧化机理和耐受机制。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫对上述生理指标均有显著影响:≤20mg·kg-1的Cd处理可使幼苗期植株器官中的可溶性蛋白含量增加16.5%~19.1%,100mg·kg-1的Cd含量水平则导致其含量减少近30%,可溶性蛋白含量的变化与植株的生物量积累关系密切;3种酶活性在0~10mg·kg-1的Cd处理下未显示出明显变化,幼苗期植株CAT、POD活性在10~80mg·kg-1的Cd胁迫下增加明显,高于此浓度范围则使酶蛋白受到破坏而失活,中等含量水平(≤40mg·kg-1)的Cd处理经过长时间作用可使植株逐渐适应胁迫环境,胁迫强度较大的Cd处理可显著提高SOD酶的活性;Cd胁迫过程中植株MDA积累量不断增加。3种抗氧化酶活性的增强在蒌蒿植株耐受Cd胁迫方面能起到较好的防御作用。 相似文献
70.
Gaseous NO was photocatalytically reduced at room temperature by photo-assisted selective catalytic reduction (photo-SCR) with ammonia over TiO2 in this study. NO reduction efficiency and N2 selectivity were determined from gases composition at the outlet stream of photoreactor. Effect of operating conditions, e.g. light intensity and inlet concentrations of ammonia and oxygen, on the NO reduction efficiency and N2 selectivity were discussed to determine the feasible operating condition for photocatalytic reduction of NO. Experimental results showed that selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia over TiO2 in the presence of oxygen was a spontaneous reaction in dark. The photoirradiation on the TiO2 surface caused remarkable photocatalytic reduction of NO to form N2, NO2, and N2O under 254 nm UV illuminations, while almost 90% of N2 selectivity was achieved in this study. The ammonia and oxygen molecules played the roles of reductant and oxidant for NO reduction and active sites regeneration, respectively. The reduction of NO was found to be increased with the increase of inlet ammonia and oxygen concentrations until specific concentrations because of the limited active sites on the surface of TiO2. The kinetic model proposed in this study can be used to reasonably describe the reaction mechanism of photo-SCR. 相似文献