沟谷地不同植被下土壤重金属纵向分异研究

研究了长春市君子兰公园孟家河沟谷地纵向剖面不同植被(乔木、灌木、菜地和裸地)下土壤重金属的分异规律.沿沟谷地纵向剖面自上游向下游方向,在距离沟边2 m处的谷地坡面上,采集不同植被覆盖下的土壤样方,通过对各样点的土壤表层重金属（Zn、Pb、Cu）的全量分析,得出沟谷地不同植被类型下土壤重金属的分异特征.结果显示,在不同的植被类型覆盖下,土壤重金属含量值有明显差异,Zn的变化范围在70.3～290.9　mg·kg^-1,Pb在39.8～79.3 　mg·kg^-1,Cu在20.3～63.4 　mg·kg^-1,Zn、Pb、Cu全量具有裸地高于菜地土壤、菜地土壤高于乔木土壤、乔木土壤高于灌木土壤的特征.不同植被下土壤重金属实测平均值与吉林省土壤背景值的对比表明,沟谷地不同植被下土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu的含量均高于吉林省土壤背景值,土壤重金属含量有不断富集的趋势.     

小清河专项治理对莱州湾环境和浮游植物的影响

为了明确小清河流域专项治理对莱州湾环境因子和浮游植物群落结构的影响,于2018年8月(治理后丰水期)对莱州湾近海环境因子、叶绿素a(Chla)、浮游植物丰度和群落结构空间分布进行了综合调查.结果表明,小清河进行专项治理后调查海域可溶性无机氮(DIN)、可溶性无机硅(DSi)、NO3-和NO2-浓度明显降低,仅为临近20...     

快速城镇化三角洲地区高碘地下水赋存特征及驱动因素:以珠江三角洲为例

沿海城镇化地区地下水中碘来源复杂,高碘地下水对生活饮用水安全存在潜在威胁.以城镇化快速发展的珠江三角洲为研究区,运用数理统计和主成分分析等方法探讨了珠江三角洲不同含水层和不同城镇化水平地区浅层地下水中碘的赋存特征及驱动因素.结果表明,研究区浅层地下水ρ(I-)介于未检出～2.34 mg·L-1,主要以I-的形式存在.研...     

Partial least square modeling of hydrolysis: analyzing the impacts of pH and acetate

Introduction Environm ental and econom ic advantages highlight anaerobic digestion as a sustainable technology for solid w aste treatm ent (Edelm ann etal., 2000). A naerobic digestion could be described as four sequential steps: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, aceto- genesis and m ethanogenesis, am ong w hich the hydrolysis is recognized as the rate-lim iting step for particulate organic w aste (Jain et al., 1992; M ata-A lvarez, 2000). H ydrolysis occurs com m only together w ith the acidogenesi…     

Photocatalytic decomposition of methanol over La/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> materials

Lanthanum-modified TiO₂ photocatalysts (0.2–1.5 wt% La) were investigated in the methanol decomposition in an aqueous solution. The photocatalysts were prepared by the common sol-gel method followed by calcination. The structural (X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), textural (N₂ physisorption), and optical properties (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoelectrochemical measurements) of all synthetized nanomaterials were correlated with photocatalytic activity. Both pure TiO₂ and La-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts proved higher yields of hydrogen in comparison to photolysis. The photocatalyst with optimal amount of lanthanum (0.2 wt% La) showed almost two times higher amount of hydrogen produced at the same time as in the presence of pure TiO₂. The photocatalytic activity increased with both increasing photocurrent response and decreasing amount of lattice and surface O species. It has been shown that both direct and indirect mechanisms of methanol photocatalytic oxidation participate in the production of hydrogen. Both direct and indirect mechanisms take part in the formation of hydrogen.     

Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-chloro-2-metylphenoxyacetic acid onto activated carbons derived from various lignocellulosic materials

Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-metylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) from aqueous solution onto activated carbons derived from various lignocellulosic materials including willow, miscanthus, flax, and hemp shives was investigated. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using two kinetic models: the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. The adsorption kinetics of both herbicides was better represented by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption isotherms of 2,4-D and MCPA on the activated carbons were analyzed using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherm. The effect of pH on the adsorption was also studied. The results showed that the activated carbons prepared from the lignocellulosic materials are efficient adsorbents for the removal of 2,4-D and MCPA from aqueous solutions.     

A puzzle over ecological footprint,energy consumption and economic growth: the case of Turkey

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - The paper investigates the non-linear causality from energy consumption and economic growth to ecological footprint for the case of Turkey by employing...     

蛋白酶对水环境中病毒的灭活作用

以大肠杆菌噬菌体T₄作为模式病毒,研究了蛋白酶对病毒的灭活作用.试验结果表明:蛋白酶灭活病毒的效果明显. 适宜条件下,67.5u/mL的蛋白酶K处理1h对纯水中病毒(6.2×10⁵PFU/L)和生活污水中病毒(7.2×10⁵PFU/L)灭活率分别达到了99.4%和49.4%,处理3h的灭活率分别是>99.9%和81.1%;工业蛋白酶1398在75.0u/mL酶浓度下处理1h对纯水水中病毒(1.7×10⁵ PFU/L)灭活率达到74.4%.pH和温度对病毒灭活效果的影响不明显.     

叉鞭金藻对微量锌、镉的吸附效应研究

研究了叉鞭金藻对微量Zn^2 ,Cd^2 的生物吸附及其机理。结果表明,叉鞭金藻对Zn^2 ,Cd^2 的生物吸附主要经历了快速的吸附和缓慢的吸附两个步骤。pH为6～7时,叉鞭金藻对Zn^2 ,Cd^2 有较好的吸附作用,且死体藻细胞比活体藻细胞能富集更多的Zn^2 ,Cd^2 。吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

我国化学工业要承诺并实施责任关怀

介绍了责任关怀产生的缘由、内容、标志、意义及世界化工行业推行责任关怀的现状与方法,指出责任关怀是化工行业不断改善环境、健康和安全行为的承诺,最具标志性的行为是公布年度环境、健康和安全报告,本质是对职工、邻居和公众健康的关爱。分析了我国化工行业推行责任关怀所存在的问题,提出了相应的建议和措施。