中国政府环境信息公开实施效果评价

环境信息公开是国际上公认的新一代环境治理手段,也是我国建设＂阳光政府＂的基本要求.在《环境信息公开办法》实施2 a后,针对31个省级、5个计划单列市和27个省会城市环境保护局落实环境信息公开的制度和行动进行调查分析,通过资料调查、实际公开申请和深入访谈,全面评估政府环境信息公开办法实施的有效性,以期为该办法的进一步完善...     

高密度微阵列基因芯片技术在微生物分子生态学研究中的运用

应用基于16S rDNA 的高密度微阵列基因芯片(Microarray)技术对膜生物反应器内的微生物多样性进行研究.结果表明,膜生物反应器具有较高的微生物多样性,Microarray共检测到1 019种微生物.Proteobacteria是其中的优势种,共含有657种微生物,占总种群数量的64.5%左右.gamma Proteobacteria是Proteobacteria中的优势种,占35.8%左右,但相对含量一般并不高.beta Proteobacteria虽然种群数量稍少,但其在荧光强度最高的前25种和50种微生物中比重最大,分别占40%和36%左右.通过比较微生物的相对荧光强度,发现Clostridia是系统中的优势微生物种属.一些常见的硝化细菌如Nitrosomonadaceae、Nitrospiraceae等也具有较高的含量.Microarray作为一种实时、高效、准确的分子生物学手段,可应用于废水处理中的微生物多样性研究.     

使用保留时间锁定和GC/MS对ppt级的农药进行定性和定量分析

在质谱全扫描模式下典型的农药定量限在亚ppm级范围。使用保留时间锁定气相色谱 /质谱方法 ,选择离子检测 ,实验室可以将目标化合物定量限降低至ppb级 (pg/μl)以下。如在方法中使用大体积进样 ,目标化合物可在ppt级进行定量。专门建立的 5 6 7种化合物的保留时间锁定农药质谱库 ,能够在很短的时间内从采集样品数据文件中自动筛选出这5 6 7种化合物。谱库也可以用于选择离子检测方法采集样品的快速筛选。使用化合物谱库信息 ,可以在 2小时之内建立一个包括 80种目标化合物的选择离子检测方法 ,而不需运行任何分析过程     

Effects of vegetable oil residue after soil extraction on physical-chemical properties of sandy soil and plant growth

Vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose,with some of the oil remaining in the soil.Although most of the PAHs were removed,the risk of residue oil in the soil was not known.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil remediation.Addition of sunflower oil and column ex...     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

转Bt基因克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤细菌群落的影响

在实验室条件下通过秸杆还土试验比较了克螟稻Bt基因表达最高期秸杆和同一时期亲本稻秸杆的添加对淹水土壤可培养厌氧细菌数量和细菌群落组成的影响 .结果表明 ,与亲本对照相比 ,培养初期克螟稻秸杆的添加对淹水土壤厌氧发酵性细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌、反硝化细菌和产甲烷细菌的数量产生了显著性影响 ,但培养后期这种显著性差异基本消失 .PCR 变性梯度凝胶电泳 (DGGE)指纹图谱和主成份分析 (PCA)结果表明 ,两种秸杆处理土壤细菌群落组成在培养的第 3周和第 5周达到显著性差异 ,随着培养时间的延伸 ,两种秸杆处理土壤间细菌群落组成的差异逐渐减小 .到培养的第 1 1周 ,两种秸杆处理土壤间细菌群落组成的差异基本消失 .尽管如此 ,在培养的整个过程中 ,秸杆处理土壤中可培养厌氧性细菌数量和土壤细菌群落的组成均与纯土对照存在显著性差异 .试验结果表明 ,在实验室培养的条件下 ,没有观察到转Bt基因克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤微生物明显的长期负面影响     

活性污泥用作吸附介质

<正> 前言本文对建立在表面化学上的金属去除技术及其吸附现象进行了研究。文章提出了一个可供废水处理的方法即活性污泥法,并采用干的或生物活性污泥方法研究去除铬、铁、铜、锌和铅(浓度为5—50ppm)的能力。     

Bioreduction of vanadium (V) in groundwater by autohydrogentrophic bacteria: Mechanisms and microorganisms

As one of the transition metals, vanadium(V)(V(V)) in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V(V) can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V(V) is to reduce it to V(IV), which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V(V) in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. Compared with the previous organic donors,H2 shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V(V) was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V(IV)precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to p H and temperature, with the optimum ranges of p H 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V(V) bioreduction belonged to theβ-Proteobacteria. Previously known V(V)-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V(V)reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V(V)bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and Clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V(V) bioreduction.     

卤水盆地在层状矿床形成中的作用

根据间隙溶液及其周围的盐下陆源地层岩石的研究,阐明了把地表蒸发盐盐水改造为含矿溶液的机制;研究了含矿盐水变为成矿溶液的可能途径。     

论某些火山成因的金-银矿床中“异常”矿物组合

<正> 几年前,在一个金-银矿床的矿石中发现了日光榴石。这种矿物(高温夕卡岩矿床和云英岩矿床特征的矿物)的发现,在一定的程度内对研究该地区低温热液矿床的地质学家来说是一种意外。后来,在含日光榴石的矿物组合中又发现了石榴石(含6％钙铝榴石分子的钙铁榴石及锰铝榴石)、单斜辉石、绿帘石(含