日本海洋废弃物对策的现状和课题

海洋废弃物的最终处理和环境问题。海洋废弃物处理系自废弃物的产生至最后返回到自然界的全过程,即废弃物的保管、收集、运输、中间处理至最终处理的一系列行为。废弃物除有用的部分被利用外,其余部分最终都经处理后排放于陆地或海洋,应使其自然循环、不破坏生态系统,还原于自然界。而这种处理水平,是随着时代在变化     

微机上冲裁CAD系统的开发

此文介绍了一套在微机上开发的冲裁CAD系统。它以Foxbase作为数据库管理系统,Trubo C为编程语言,能进行冲裁件图形输入与显示、工艺性分析、优化单排排样和选择板材规格、冲裁件尺寸识别和模具刃口尺寸计算、冲裁力和压力中心计算、以及凹模周界尺寸计算等。本系统主界面为下拉式菜单界面,全中文提示,人机界面友好,具有较好的可扩充性和容错性。     

Seven suggestive quantitative trait loci influence hygienic behavior of honey bees

In 1964, Walter Rothenbuhler proposed a two-gene model to explain phenotypic variance in the remarkable behavior in which honey bee workers remove dead brood from their colonies. Rothenbuhler's model proposed that one locus controls the uncapping of brood cells containing dead pupae, while a second controls the removal of the cell contents. We show here, through molecular techniques and quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping, that the genetic basis of hygienic behavior is more complex, and that many genes are likely to contribute to the behavior. In our cross, we detected seven suggestive QTLs associated with hygienic behavior. Each detected QTL controlled only 9-15% of the observed phenotypic variance in the character.     

博茨瓦纳欧科范果湿地1972～2000年泛滥方式

欧科范果三角洲地区泛滥范围年年在变化.这种变化与安哥拉高地集水区的区域性降水及当地降雨量有关.我们采用了1972～2000年的3000多幅卫星图像来描绘湿地的格局,其中从1985～2000年的图像几乎是NOAAAVHRR每日连续传送的,1972年以来的其它图像是从Landsat传感器上传下来的,其连续性次之.对AVHRR图像每10天为一期,用无监督分类方法分成陆地和水体.对LandsatTM和ERS2-ATSR数据进行分析的结果,与测算的淹没区域89%相吻合.结果显示欧科范果湿地近期30年期间的变化约在2450～11400km2之间.     

利用裂变产物I~(133)的中子活化分析法精确测定岩石、矿物中的铀含量

本文介绍了一种确定岩石和矿物样品中铀含量的放射化学中子活化技术。这种方法是基于碱熔样品,用硝酸钠溶液对碘的选择氧化和用蒸馏法分出裂变产物 I~(133)。这种方法是迅速、灵敏和可靠的。     

有机染料废水的净化

电化学处理目前用电化学法处理工业废水的越来越多。在无隔膜电解槽中阳极氧化有机杂质很有效。有机污染物可通过原子氧、氯以及电化学法进行氧化。电解槽的阳极一般用石墨、钛、氧化钌钛涂层,而阴极一般用不锈钢和钛涂层,此时多数情况下不生成沉淀。在以石墨或涂钌钛氧化物的电极为阳极无隔膜电解槽中进行了净     

PO4^3-和柠檬酸对稀土元素在小麦体内积累和分异的影响

基于营养液培养,添加外源稀土和ICP-MS分析技术,研究了无机配体PO43-(Pi)及有机配体柠檬酸(Cit)对小麦器官中稀土元素积累和分异的影响.结果表明,不同Pi水平对小麦根中的稀土总含量(∑REE)影响较小,但显著降低叶中∑REE含量;而不同Cit水平对小麦根、叶中∑REE含量都有明显降低作用.对照植物(无Pi、Cit添加)中,稀土元素在小麦根中具有中稀土(MREE)富集及M-型四重效应分布特征,叶中有重稀土(HREE)富集及W-型四重效应分布特征.不同Pi处理对四重效应无明显作用,但进一步加强HREE在小麦叶片中的富集.添加柠檬酸使对照植物根和叶中的分异有逐渐减弱的趋势,在高浓度处理时(Cit≥150μmol.L-1),小麦根和叶中出现轻稀土(LREE)富集.     

Fluid Mechanics of Biological Surfaces and their Technological Application

 A survey is given on fluid-dynamic effects caused by the structure and properties of biological surfaces. It is demonstrated that the results of investigations aiming at technological applications can also provide insights into biophysical phenomena. Techniques are described both for reducing wall shear stresses and for controlling boundary-layer separation. (a) Wall shear stress reduction was investigated experimentally for various riblet surfaces including a shark skin replica. The latter consists of 800 plastic model scales with compliant anchoring. Hairy surfaces are also considered, and surfaces in which the no-slip condition is modified. Self-cleaning surfaces such as that of lotus leaves represent an interesting option to avoid fluid-dynamic deterioration by the agglomeration of dirt. An example of technological implementation is discussed for riblets in long-range commercial aircraft. (b) Separation control is also an important issue in biology. After a few brief comments on vortex generators, the mechanism of separation control by bird feathers is described in detail. Self-activated movable flaps (=artificial bird feathers) represent a high-lift system enhancing the maximum lift of airfoils by about 20%. This is achieved without perceivable deleterious effects under cruise conditions. Finally, flight experiments on an aircraft with laminar wing and movable flaps are presented.     

他能申请环境行政赔偿吗

笔者去年参加一次红砖厂污染调查，该厂为 低烟囱红砖窟，目测污染水稻的调查，现场调查发现，受害的水稻叶片边缘发黄，严重的整片叶枯死，是典型的二氧化硫污染特征。当时，正值水稻抽穗、扬花期，且逢阴雨天气，砖厂烟囱外排的废气弥漫于砖厂四周，参与现场调查的有关人员均嗅到一阵阵刺鼻的“煤气味”。可以想象，如果不及时采取措施，必将造成面积更大、程度更深的污染。参加污染调查的环保部门工作人员根据环境保护有关法规，要求砖厂管理人员立即采取措施减轻污染，砖厂的管理人员于是拉掉了砖窟抽风机的电源，停止了抽风。而正在这…