Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in ＂the effects of contra-geography-grads development＂. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of ＂the vicious circle of poverty＂ by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called ＂the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along the Pearl River＂ is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

牛骨炭对水溶液中Hg（Ⅱ）吸附性的研究

以牛骨为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备牛骨基炭,通过静态吸附试验研究了牛骨炭对水中Hg（Ⅱ）的吸附效果并确定了影响吸附性能的因素。研究结果表明：牛骨炭对Hg（Ⅱ）的最佳吸附时间约为2h、吸附温度为25℃、pH值为1、投加量为0．1g、吸附溶液的最大初始浓度为600mg／L,其最大吸附容量Q^0为43．1mg／g,吸附行为符合Freundl—ich吸附等温模型;通过BET分析和扫描电镜（SEM）等手段表征了牛骨炭的孔结构参数及形貌特征,经分析,所制备牛骨炭的孔径分布为中孔。     

Analysis and Modeling on the Spatial Structure of Urban Land Use: A Case of Jinan, China

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.     

14、用毛细管气相色谱的滞留指数比鉴定PCB的组份

许多研究证明,多氯联苯(PCB)是常见的环境化合物。 PCB分析的主要问题就是可能有大量的单一成份。在商品PCB混合物中,一共发现了209种含氯同系物异构体中的100多种。由环境样品尤其是由生物体中得到的PCB残留物表明是一种与含氯40—60％的商     

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

锡霍特山中部稀有金属花岗岩

列举了与锡-钨矿床紧密伴生的两个花岗岩块在年龄、物质成分和地球化学特征等方面的新资料。指出了这两个花岗岩块不仅在稀有元素含量方面而且在造岩矿物和副矿物的成分方面都与外贝加尔、蒙古人民共和国、西部滨海地区及捷克斯洛伐克的标准稀有金属花岗岩十分相似。所研究的锡霍特山中部的晚白垩世稀有金属花岗岩,是从富含稀碱金属、挥发性元素和金属元素(Sn、W、Nb)的岩浆熔体中结晶出来的。花岗岩块具分带结构、该岩块周围存在接触晕,花岗岩的石英中含有熔融包裹体以及其他一些特征表明,所述花岗岩为岩浆成因。 锡-钨矿化与稀有金属花岗岩具有空间和成因上的联系     

硅质沉积岩的La-Ce和Sm-Nd分馏系列——沉积过程中海洋环境的标志

为了说明硅质沉积岩(燧石)中稀土元素(REE)源的特征及其沉积环境的性质,测定了有关的La-Ce同位素和Sm-Nd同位素数据。所研究的燧石为西澳大利亚皮尔巴拉断块中乔治克里克群的晚太古宙燧石、日本中部的三叠纪燧石和太平洋中部以及加勒比海白垩纪和早第三纪深海燧石。采自乔治克里克群的太古宙燧石,显示出在其沉积年代里具有球粒陨石的Ce和Nd同位素比值,这表明其源区有一个随时间积分的球粒陨石REE模式。采自日本的三叠纪燧石,具有表明直接来源于陆源的初始Ce和Nd同位素比值。另一方面,对REE模式中出现负异常的白垩纪和早第三纪的深海燧石来说,其初始Ce和Nd同位素比值揭示出有两个不同的来源:Ce来自轻稀土元素(LREE)长期亏损的大洋火山岩,而Nd来自LREE富集的大陆岩石。据认为,从深海燧石中所观测到的相反的性质是其沉积环境远离大陆的反映。这些结果证实,La-Ce同位素体系在确定海洋沉积物(如燧石)中所观测到的异常性质和成因方面非常有用。     

新泽西派因荒原沼铁矿的生物地球化学

<正> 从十八世纪初到十九世纪中期,新泽西南部是繁荣的铁矿工业所在地。由于宾夕法尼亚和新泽西北部的磁铁矿附近发现了无烟煤以及沼铁矿含有高浓度的磷和硫,使新泽西南部的沼铁矿业从十九世纪中期以后迅速衰落。直到目前,对沼铁矿几乎没有作任何现代化的研究。本文描述了新泽西南部地区河水和地下水的化学,注意力集中在似乎能催化沼铁矿沉淀的微生物上。     

地球化学

<正> 无论从空间无线电光谱、遥感来考虑,还是从检测晶体表面少数原子来看,地球化学技术在灵敏度和显示器方面都有很大的改进。随着技术的改进,新的认识层出不穷。地球化学令人向往的领域,仍然包括宇宙空间中元素和天体起源的经典范围,但是,地球化学新技术对于我们了解当前环境的紧迫问题,已是必不可少的了。地球化学家仍然是分析化学的先导。本文只举几个事件。     

论碳酸盐岩的成因

<正> 碳酸盐岩是一组特殊的内生岩石,成因上与超基性碱性侵入岩有关,富含稀有金属元素:Nb、Zr、Sr、RE、Ta、Th 和 U。第一次发现碳酸盐杂岩,约在20世纪初期,但直到50年代,人们都还认为这种杂岩是外