高密度微阵列基因芯片技术在微生物分子生态学研究中的运用

应用基于16S rDNA 的高密度微阵列基因芯片(Microarray)技术对膜生物反应器内的微生物多样性进行研究.结果表明,膜生物反应器具有较高的微生物多样性,Microarray共检测到1 019种微生物.Proteobacteria是其中的优势种,共含有657种微生物,占总种群数量的64.5%左右.gamma Proteobacteria是Proteobacteria中的优势种,占35.8%左右,但相对含量一般并不高.beta Proteobacteria虽然种群数量稍少,但其在荧光强度最高的前25种和50种微生物中比重最大,分别占40%和36%左右.通过比较微生物的相对荧光强度,发现Clostridia是系统中的优势微生物种属.一些常见的硝化细菌如Nitrosomonadaceae、Nitrospiraceae等也具有较高的含量.Microarray作为一种实时、高效、准确的分子生物学手段,可应用于废水处理中的微生物多样性研究.     

使用保留时间锁定和GC/MS对ppt级的农药进行定性和定量分析

在质谱全扫描模式下典型的农药定量限在亚ppm级范围。使用保留时间锁定气相色谱 /质谱方法 ,选择离子检测 ,实验室可以将目标化合物定量限降低至ppb级 (pg/μl)以下。如在方法中使用大体积进样 ,目标化合物可在ppt级进行定量。专门建立的 5 6 7种化合物的保留时间锁定农药质谱库 ,能够在很短的时间内从采集样品数据文件中自动筛选出这5 6 7种化合物。谱库也可以用于选择离子检测方法采集样品的快速筛选。使用化合物谱库信息 ,可以在 2小时之内建立一个包括 80种目标化合物的选择离子检测方法 ,而不需运行任何分析过程     

Effects of vegetable oil residue after soil extraction on physical-chemical properties of sandy soil and plant growth

Vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose,with some of the oil remaining in the soil.Although most of the PAHs were removed,the risk of residue oil in the soil was not known.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil remediation.Addition of sunflower oil and column ex...     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

活性污泥用作吸附介质

<正> 前言本文对建立在表面化学上的金属去除技术及其吸附现象进行了研究。文章提出了一个可供废水处理的方法即活性污泥法,并采用干的或生物活性污泥方法研究去除铬、铁、铜、锌和铅(浓度为5—50ppm)的能力。     

Bioreduction of vanadium (V) in groundwater by autohydrogentrophic bacteria: Mechanisms and microorganisms

As one of the transition metals, vanadium(V)(V(V)) in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V(V) can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V(V) is to reduce it to V(IV), which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V(V) in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. Compared with the previous organic donors,H2 shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V(V) was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V(IV)precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to p H and temperature, with the optimum ranges of p H 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V(V) bioreduction belonged to theβ-Proteobacteria. Previously known V(V)-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V(V)reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V(V)bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and Clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V(V) bioreduction.     

卤水盆地在层状矿床形成中的作用

根据间隙溶液及其周围的盐下陆源地层岩石的研究,阐明了把地表蒸发盐盐水改造为含矿溶液的机制;研究了含矿盐水变为成矿溶液的可能途径。     

论某些火山成因的金-银矿床中“异常”矿物组合

<正> 几年前,在一个金-银矿床的矿石中发现了日光榴石。这种矿物(高温夕卡岩矿床和云英岩矿床特征的矿物)的发现,在一定的程度内对研究该地区低温热液矿床的地质学家来说是一种意外。后来,在含日光榴石的矿物组合中又发现了石榴石(含6％钙铝榴石分子的钙铁榴石及锰铝榴石)、单斜辉石、绿帘石(含     

镁夕卡岩建造锡和钨矿床中的石榴石

<正> 石榴石是夕卡岩矿床中主要的造岩矿物之一。它们通常以铝榴石组分含量不高的钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列的中间变种而出现。夕卡岩中的石榴石主要有三种类型;钙铝榴石型(钙铁榴石分子为O—40％),中间型(钙铁榴石分子为40—70％)和钙铁榴石型(钙铁榴石分子为70—80％)。许多研究者认为,钙铁榴石型的石榴石主要产在夕卡岩型的铁矿床和多金属矿床中,而钙铝榴石型的石榴石则主要产在夕卡岩型的锡矿床、钨矿床和稀有金属矿床中。对于白钨矿矿床中的     

含矿溶液在稀土元素方面的地球化学专属性

<正> 关于含矿溶液的地球化学专属性,通常是根据矿石和近矿交代岩石的地球化学谱来判定的。目前已经积累了有关成矿过程中造岩、成矿元素行为的大量实际资料,但是,对普通金属矿石中的稀有亲石元素的分布却研究得很少,稀有碱金属可能除外。众所周知,稀土元素行为的分析对岩浆体系的起源和演化判断可以提供很重要的信息。本文的目的,是以某些金属矿床为例,阐明含矿溶液在稀土元素方面