张掖市某污灌区土壤环境质量调查

对张掖市某污灌区土壤环境质量进行了调查,结果表明,灌区土壤受到一定程度的污染,为轻度污染水平,污染因子与污灌水特征因子关系密切.     

淮阴市大气污染物垂直分布规律探讨

通过对淮阴市城区内大气污染源调查及不同高度主要大气污染指标的监测研究,分析了淮阴市城区大气污染物时空分布的基本趋势。结果表明,市区大气污染与污染源分布及源强呈一定相关性,近地面的大气环境质量劣于高空的大气环境质量,污染物的垂直分布受大气稳定度影响。     

Study of the relationships between bone lead levels and its variation with time and the cumulative blood lead index, in a repeated bone lead survey

The study aims were to: (i) investigate long term human lead metabolism by measuring the change of lead concentration in the tibia and calcaneus; and (ii) assess whether improved industrial hygiene was resulting in a slow accumulation of lead in an exposed workforce. 109Cd excited K X-ray fluorescence was used to measure tibia lead and calcaneus lead concentrations in 101 workers in a secondary lead smelter. 51 subjects had had similar bone lead measurements 5 years previously. Most of the other subjects had been hired since the first survey. Measurements of whole blood lead were available for the large majority of subjects. Tibia lead concentrations fell significantly (p<0.001) in the 51 subjects with repeated bone lead measurements, from a mean of 39 microg Pb (g bone mineral)(-1) to 33 microg Pb (g bone mineral)(-1). The change correlated negatively with the initial tibia lead concentration, producing an estimate for an overall half-life of 15 years, with a 95% confidence interval of 9 to 55 years. Adding continuing lead exposure and recirculation of bone lead stores to the regression models produced half-life estimates of 12 and 9 years, respectively, for release of lead from the tibia. The repeat subjects showed no net change in calcaneus lead (64 microg Pb (g bone mineral)(-1) initially, 65 microg Pb (g bone mineral)(-1) 5 years later). Subjects not measured previously had average lead concentrations of 15 microg Pb (g bone mincral)(-1) in the tibia and 13 microg Pb (g bone mineral)(-1) in the calcaneus. The rate of clearance of lead from the tibia (9 to 15 years) is towards the more rapid end of previous estimates. The lack of a significant fall in the calcaneus lead was surprising. Attempts should be made to repeat this observation. If confirmed, it would have implications for models of lead metabolism. The relatively low lead concentrations in the non-repeat subjects are reassuring. However, observation after a longer period of employment would be desirable.     

车载巡测在区域射频电磁环境质量监测与表征中的应用分析

对北京中央电视塔周围25 km²区域电磁环境质量分别进行了射频的网格法手工监测和车载巡测自动监测，通过SPSS软件等对两种监测方法获取的数据进行了统计对比分析，发现两组数据在总体水平及数值分布特征上较为接近，因此车载巡测监测可以替代网格法监测。以车载巡测数据为基础，绘制了实测数据的道路电磁地图，利用插值法绘制了区域电磁地图，对区域电磁环境质量进行了直观表征。从回应公众关注和城市电磁规划出发，建议今后可利用车载巡测监测加强时域和频域的监测。     

粉尘监测工作中有关质控问题的探讨

为加强防尘措施的科学管理,保护职工的身心健康,提高劳动生产力,常对作业场所空气中的粉尘浓度进行常规监测,并据以评价其危害程度。为提高监测工作质量,增强监测数据的可靠性、准确性和科学性,必须加强监测工作中的质量控制。为此,笔者就现有设备条件,摸索了作业场所空气中粉尘监测工作的质控问题,现就实验观察结果报告如下。 材料和方法 器材:采样用鞍劳D4型粉尘监测器,气体流量一般控制在30升/分,抽气     

环境监测新技术(评述) 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法

1979年10月3日,美国国家环境保护机构正式提出,将电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法技术(ICP—AES)用于污染分析的标准规程。使这项六十年代发展起来的新技术,正式用于环境监测。进一步提高了无机污染物的监测速度、精度和检测能力,提高了监测自动化的程度。 一、ICP—AES技术的意义和特征