Improvement of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analytical method for reclaimed water

Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. ZJ2, Pseudomonas saponiphila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density (10⁴ CFU·mL^-1) and higher incubation temperature (25°C) could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water.     

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed γ- Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.     

有机污染场地浅层地下水对斑马鱼胚胎发育的生物毒性研究

以斑马鱼为受试生物,对某有机污染场地危险品仓库车间(1号样点)、氯化石蜡车间(2号样点)和厂区外(3号样点)3个不同区域的土壤浅层地下水进行斑马鱼急性毒性试验和胚胎发育毒性试验.结果表明,1号水样对斑马鱼成鱼的(￠)(72 h,LC50)为79.12％,2和3号水样对斑马鱼成鱼的(￠)(72 h,LC50)均大于100％.3种水样对斑马鱼胚胎具有不同程度的发育毒性效应,对斑马鱼胚胎的24 h卵凝结率、20s内无自主性活动和72 h孵化率都存在剂量-效应关系.3种水样对斑马鱼均具有一定的致畸效应,对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性由大到小依次为1、2和3号水样.胚胎毒性试验灵敏度高于成鱼急性毒性试验,且简单快速,可用于污染场地水样污染毒性的快速诊断,为场地的进一步危害识别与风险评估提供依据.     

二氯喹啉酸降解菌HN36的分离、鉴定及降解特性研究

从生产二氯喹啉酸农药厂的污水处理池污泥中分离到1株二氯喹啉酸降解菌,命名为HN36。根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16SrDNA序列系统发育分析,鉴定为博德特氏菌属(Bordetellasp.)。该菌可以利用二氯喹啉酸作为唯一碳源和能源进行生长,二氯喹啉酸质量浓度为400mg/L时,48 h降解率为96.2%。降解二氯喹啉酸的最适pH值为7,最适温度为30℃,初始接种量在一定范围内(1.5%~5%)与降解率呈正相关。二氯喹啉酸初始质量浓度在100~400 mg/L时,降解效果较好。菌株HN36还能利用喹啉、苯酚、邻苯二酚和邻苯二甲酸进行生长,但不能利用萘和1,2-二氯苯。     

小环境密闭空间初始压力对预混合可燃性气体爆炸的影响

在工程应用中,初始压力的增高一般都能提高预混合可燃性气体爆炸的强度,缩小反应设备的体积.因此研究在小环境密闭空间下初始压力的变化对预混合可燃性气体爆炸的特性与规律是十分必要的.本文运用AutoReaGas爆炸仿真模拟器定量研究了小环境密闭空间的初始压力对预混合可燃性气体爆炸的影响.其结果表明,在相同小环境密闭空间尺寸下利用AutoReaGas爆炸仿真模拟器充入相同条件的预混合可燃性气体.其预混合气体密度、冲击波产生的超压都随着初始压力的增加而增大;并且爆炸超压与初始压力呈近似的线性关系;但各个观测点的温度和速度并不随着初始压力的增加而变化.研究所取得的成果可为今后的工程应用提供一定的理论数据指导.     

高校教育成本理论研究综述

以高校教育成本研究的文献为样本,运用统计学方法对我国高校教育成本理论研究进行简单回顾,并对高校教育成本理论研究的相关问题-高校教育成本的界定、高校教育成本的核算对象、核算期间、核算方法和学生折算系数等进行了观点综述．图1,表1,参11．     

基于测井安全标准化的动态监管信息系统

针对传统安全监管信息系统效率低、可靠性差的缺点,提出了基于测井安全标准化的动态监管信息系统,即通过PDCA戴明循环准则和六西格玛准则,在企业开展安全标准化建设,对14个相关一级要素安全信息进行整理,形成规范化安全信息库。该信息库具有信息量大、信息规范的特点,便于安全信息的扩展性应用。在此基础上结合测井作业具体内容,简化出10项安全监管指标及其具体检测内容,建立了动态监管信息系统。该系统合理利用安全信息库中的规范化信息,对测井安全监管工作进行分项管理、智能提醒,并着重突出动态监管功能。结果表明,基于测井安全标准化的动态监管信息系统操作便捷、工作效率高、可靠性强,有效提高了测井企业安全工作水平。     

γ射线放射源辐射安全与防护

在工业建设和安装过程中,存在着大量特种设备焊接作业,如管道焊接、压力容器焊接等。在严格执行焊接工艺规程、焊接工艺卡要求的基础上,焊接完成后的最后一道质量把关,就是对焊口进行无损探伤检验,以保证焊接质量无缺陷,从而保证设备、管道、装置运行的安全。无损探伤检验可分为磁粉着色探伤、X射线探伤、γ源探伤、     

废纸脱墨污泥的主要毒性物质分析

通过对废纸脱墨污泥进行重金属含量及化学形态分析、有机污染物种类及含量等分析,研究其所含主要毒性物质及其对环境的影响。污泥中Cu和As的含量分别是269.0,113.7 mg/kg,会导致环境污染;Cu和As均以残渣态为主,分别为94.76%和100%,稳定性较高;污泥主要含有2,2’,5,5’-四甲基-1,1’-联二苯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯,含量分别为0.223%、0.165%,其生物毒性及其对生态环境和人体的危害是不容忽视的。     

区域及全球尺度的NPP过程模型和NPP对全球变化的响应

植被净第一性生产力（NPP）不仅是表征植被活动和生态过程的关键参数,而且是判定生态系统碳汇和反映生态系统对全球变化响应的主要因子。当前,模型模拟成为大尺度NPP研究的主要手段,而在众多NPP估算模型中,过程模型逐渐趋于主导地位。虽然目前有关NPP的研究有很多,但还没有关注于大尺度上应用的过程模型及其模拟的NPP对全球变化的响应。因此本文主要侧重于 NPP 过程模型在区域及全球尺度上的应用,具体包含以下内容,①进一步将区域及全球尺度的NPP过程模型分为静态植被模型和动态植被模型。②阐明这些模型间存在的区别与联系。③归纳出NPP过程模型在区域及全球尺度上应用的3大挑战：时空尺度转换、多源数据的获取与融合以及模型模拟结果的验证与评价,并根据其解决方案总结出通用的模型应用框架。④从气候变化、大气成分变化和土地利用/土地覆盖变化3个方面探讨NPP对全球变化的响应机制,以期找到NPP变化的规律与模式。最后根据NPP模型的发展对未来区域及全球尺度的NPP过程模型进行展望,认为未来模型的综合性将更高,机理性也将更强,同时与全球变化研究结合得更加紧密,且基于多个已有模型的混合模型也是未来NPP模型发展的一个重要方向。此外,本文认为对NPP模拟结果的尺度效应研究也是未来NPP研究的热点之一。