农药使森林面积减少

美国科学家指出,美国及附近国家森林减少可能是由于含有农药和其它化学药品的毒雾遍及美国各地所致。为了得到和浓缩大量的雾,他们在加利福利亚州的圣华全山谷和贝尔茨维尔田野进行了采样,并浓     

Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed modified diets

Two swine feeding trials were conducted (initial body weight = 47 +/- 2 and 41 +/- 3 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively) to evaluate reduced crude protein (CP) and yucca (Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies) extract-supplemented diets on NH3 emissions. In Trial 1, nine pigs were offered a corn-soybean meal diet (C, 174 g kg(-1) CP), a Lys-supplemented diet (L, 170 g kg(-1) CP), or a 145 g kg(-1) CP diet supplemented with Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp (LMTT). In Trial 2, nine pigs were fed diet L supplemented with 0, 62.5, or 125 mg of yucca extract per kg diet. Each feeding period consisted of a 4-d dietary adjustment followed by 72 h of continuous NH3 measurement. Urine and fecal samples were collected each period. Feeding the LMTT diet reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) compared to diet L. Fecal N concentration decreased with a reduction in dietary CP, but urinary ammonium increased from pigs fed diet LMTT (2.0 g kg(-1), wet basis) compared to those fed diet C (1.1 g kg(-1)) or L (1.0 g kg(-1)). When pigs were fed reduced CP diets NH3 emission rates decreased (2.46, 2.16, and 1.05 mg min(-1) for diets C, L, and LMTT). Yucca had no effect on feed intake, ADG, or G:F. Ammonium and N concentrations of manure and NH3 emission rates did not differ with yucca content. Caution must be executed to maintain animal performance when strategies are implemented to reduce NH3 emissions.     

High piezo/photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/Bi5O7I nanocomposite using mechanical and solar energy for N2 fixation and methyl orange degradation

In this work, Ag/Bi₅O₇I nanocomposite was prepared and firstly applied in piezo/photocatalytic reduction of N₂ to NH₃ and methyl orange(MO) degradation. Bi₅O₇I was synthesized via a hydrothermal-calcination method and shows nanorods morphology. Ag nanoparticles(NPs)were photo deposited on the Bi₅O₇I nanorods as electron trappers to improve the spatial separation of charge carriers, which was confirmed via XPS...     

施加不同电压对河涌底泥中多氯联苯厌氧还原脱氯的影响

以广东省清远市龙塘镇电子垃圾拆解场附近受多氯联苯污染的河涌底泥为研究对象,构建基于-0.1、-0.3、-0.5和-0.7 V(相对于饱和甘汞电极)恒定电压的生物电化学系统,考察了闭路和开路条件下河涌底泥中PCB 61的降解率及其产物,并分析了微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,在-0.7 V电位刺激下微生物还原降解PCB 61的效率最高,24周后,PCB 61的降解率达到了59.05%,高于开路条件的32.22%,在考察的电极电位范围内,电极电位值越小,PCB 61的还原脱氯速率越高。高通量测序结果表明:底泥微生物的结构组成随实验条件的变化表现出显著差异;施加电压刺激可提升电化学活性菌(Geobacter和Ignavibacterium)菌群丰度,进而强化脱氯效能;而Methanosarcina和Methanosaeta这2种菌在闭路条件下是显著优势菌,这2类菌的相互作用有可能对PCB 61还原脱氯有重要影响。     

用行动证明实力——希玛安全鞋的渐变之路

今年4月中旬,在上海新国际博览中心举办的一个展会上,一家公司面对面的两个展区颇为显眼,其中一个展区竟然摆着一套安全鞋的自动化生产设备,且设备不停地在运转. 在传送带和机械手臂的交替中,观众可在贴近设备的地方看到:一只只安全鞋套帮顺序经过机器手的左腾右挪,缓缓移动,通过设备被自动模压、注射……全程不需要人工操作.     

矿用铠装电缆金属护套的屏蔽作用分析

为分析电缆供电方式对矿用电子设备工作安全性的影响,建立有屏蔽层电缆的耦合模型,运用电路理论分析影响钢带铠装电缆屏蔽效果的各种因素。结果表明:带有屏蔽层的电缆其屏蔽系数与导线以及屏蔽层之间的相对位置有关;铠装电缆缆皮的接地情况会影响其屏蔽系数,良好的接地有助于降低屏蔽系数;矿用钢带铠装电缆的屏蔽效果与频率密切相关,频率越高,屏蔽系数越小,屏蔽效果越好。     

Coupling and coordinated evolution characteristics of regional economy-energy-carbon emission multiple systems: A case study of main China's Basin

Comprehensive analysis of the Economy-Energy-Carbon Emission(EECE) system is beneficial for promoting sustainable social development. This study analyzes the system development of major watersheds in China from 2010 to 2019. The research fully considers the system’s internal and external inputs and outputs and proposes an evaluation index system for regional EECE coupling and coordinated development. Then, using the difference in system weight allocation to improve the coupling and coordination ...     

Compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,As in plant-soil system and its prevention

ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｄ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ａｓｉｎｐｌａｎｔ－ｓｏｉｌｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｉｔｓｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ￥ＷｕＹａｎｙｕ；ＷａｎｇＸｉｎ；ＬｉＹｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡ...     

桥梁伸缩缝服役性能劣化的概率预警方法北大核心CSCD

为评估大跨桥梁的伸缩缝服役性能以确保其安全运营,提出了一种桥梁伸缩缝温致位移概率建模方法,在此基础上实现伸缩缝服役性能劣化预警。首先,基于正常服役状态下获取的长期监测数据对桥梁结构温度场及其伸缩缝位移的联合概率密度进行建模;其次,利用该模型对未知服役状态下温致伸缩缝位移的条件概率密度进行预测;最后,通过对比伸缩缝位移的实测值和预测概率密度评估其服役状态。采用某大跨斜拉桥的监测数据验证其有效性,结果表明:所提方法能有效建立结构温度场和伸缩缝位移的联合概率密度模型,且能准确预测温致伸缩缝位移的条件概率密度;其对伸缩缝服役性能劣化的预警能力亦优于传统方法。     

灌注重金属稳定剂对复合重金属污染河道底泥的修复效能与机理研究

为探索原位灌注重金属稳定剂修复重金属污染河道底泥的可行性,以电子拆解区重金属污染物河道底泥为对象,考察了灌注Na₂S、CaS_x和FeSO₄对底泥中Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Sb五种高毒性重金属的稳定化效果。结果表明：对于Cd、Pb, 3种药剂在投加30%时能完全抑制底泥中二者的浸出,而对于Cr、As和Sb, FeSO₄的稳定化效果最好,其次为CaS_x,Na₂S效果最差。在FeSO₄投加量为3%、5%、8%和10%(质量比)时,底泥中总Cr、Cr⁶⁺、As和Sb的浸出质量浓度分别降低了90%、97%、100%和100%。3种药剂处理后第7 d底泥总Cr和Cr⁶⁺浸出均出现反弹,而对于As、Sb,仅Na₂S和CaS_x出现反弹。还原剂稳定底泥重金属的机理主要通过促进重金属由弱酸可溶态向可氧化态和残渣态转变。在3%FeSO₄处理基础上进...