Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay, China

This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local...     

兵器装备环境工程发展需求

从兵器装备发展和研制对环境工程的需求出发,分析了环境工程管理机制、环境工程技术和环境工程基础数据等制约兵器装备环境工程深入开展的原因,提出了兵器装备研制急需的环境工程的前沿技术和关键技术。     

Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O3), NO2and total oxidant(Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O3concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O3increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories – rural stations(non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O3concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O3 concentrations in springtime(13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O3production is mainly volatile organic compounds(VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O3production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O3pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O3 pollution control.     

开展企业环境风险评估完善环境风险管理制度

新出台的《国务院关于加强环境保护重点工作的意见》(国发[2011]35号,以下简称《意见》),首次把“有效防范环境风险和妥善处置突发环境事件”作为专门条款写入国务院的文件,提出了“完善以预防为主的环境风险管理制度,实行环境应急分级、动态和全过程管理”;同时,“环境风险防范”作为环境管理的重要工作内容,首次列入了《国家环境保护“十二五”规划》(以下简称《规划》),与“总量削减、质量改善”并列为《规划》的三大战略任务.贯彻和落实《意见》中的一系列任务,要求环境应急管理部门在政策、制度、标准、基础研究、技术方法方面进行系统的梳理和准备.     

国华公司乏汽利用系统改造

本论文是一篇实用性质的设计,它是在有效论述原水对反渗透设施影响的基础上充分利用小型热电厂中汽机乏汽中的凝结热,将乏汽中的凝结热率先加热除盐水后再用剩余热量加热原水使其达到反渗透装置的有效温度范围,它不但能节省因冬季加热原水所需要的蒸汽量和减少除氧器的蒸汽加热量,同时能有效的防止和杜绝因原水加热温度不稳定所导致的减产和停机停炉故障。本文的应用范围主要针对以供热为主的小型热电厂。     

亚硫酸钠回收碘的空气氧化

在用亚硫酸钠和碳酸钠混合液吸收含碘废气的过程中遇到了亚硫酸钠被空气氧化的问题.本文研究了在静止吸氧和鼓泡充氧二种条件下亚硫酸钠被空气氧化的各种影响因素.实验表明,在吸氧条件下,pH值对Na_2SO_3的空气氧化速率有很大的影响,该氧化过程是一个比较复杂的过程.在鼓泡充氧的条件下,Na_2SO_3被氧化速率显著加快.在不同的pH值、温度以及催化剂存在情况下,Na_2SO_3的浓度均随时间呈直线下降.本文也给出了用亚硫酸钠和碳酸钠混合溶液吸收含碘废气的实际工艺过程,回收碘的质量符合中国药典的标准.为减少空气氧化造成Na_2SO_3的损失,亚硫酸钠溶液宜新鲜配制。     

垃圾焚烧炉掺烧陈腐垃圾及其配风优化的数值模拟

以某350 t/d的垃圾焚烧炉为研究对象,采用CFD模拟方法研究了城市生活垃圾掺烧填埋场陈腐垃圾及不同配风方案对燃烧过程、流场分布及NO_x排放规律等影响。结果表明:掺烧陈腐垃圾延后了床层焦炭燃烧过程,有利于挥发分析出,从而使燃烧区及烟道气相燃烧更剧烈,提高了炉膛整体温度,但也加剧了局部超温,同时一烟道出口NO_x浓度从247.85 mg/Nm3降低到198.75 mg/Nm3。工况4增大了上下层二次风,使燃烧区流体充分混燃,且烟道流体湍动度增大,使炉膛内温度更加均匀,有利于缓解一烟道高温腐蚀现象。合适的配风比可极大降低一烟道出口NO_x浓度,使之从198.75 mg/Nm3降至89.80 mg/Nm3,同时也延长了炉膛烟气的停留时间。该研究结果可为垃圾焚烧炉改进陈腐垃圾掺烧比和配风比提供参考。     

藻粉在土壤中矿化进程及对油麦菜肥效研究

文章采用室内恒温培养法模拟藻粉在土壤中降解矿化过程,然后采用室外容器培养法,比较了藻粉和缓释肥对油麦菜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)藻粉处理组CO2释放规律为前14 d快速释放,后期变缓。经过131 d的培养,藻粉处理组土壤中有机碳较对照组最多增加了2.76 g/kg。(2)藻粉中氮素在土壤中先矿化成氨氮,后逐渐转化成亚硝氮,最终变为硝氮,藻粉矿化过程中有效氮含量呈逐渐上升趋势,整个培养过程中几乎没有氮损失。(3)经过131 d,藻粉处理组土壤中有效磷和总磷含量较对照组均显著增加。(4)实验测定第35天藻粉影响下土壤中与碳氮磷相关的酶活性较CK显著增加。(5)藻粉对油麦菜生物量、光合活性、叶绿素含量和氮磷供给与缓释肥没有显著性差异。综上所述,藻粉是一种易分解矿化的有机物料,在土壤中缓慢分解释放CO_2、有效氮和有效磷,并能增加土壤有机碳、氮和磷含量,同时改善土壤微生物酶活性,对油麦菜生长具有促进作用,和缓释肥肥效一样。实验得出有效氮施加量为87.7 kg/hm2时,油麦菜生物量达到最大值,对应藻粉的施用量为1 t/hm~2。     

Construction of vesicle CdSe nano-semiconductors photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity: Enhanced photo induced carriers separation efficiency and mechanism insight

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis as a green technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor photocatalyst are successfully prepared by a gas template method and characterized by a variety of methods. The vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductors display enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, the photodegradation rate of78.824% was achieved by vesicle Cd Se, which exhibited an increase of 31.779% compared to granular Cd Se. Such an exceptional photocatalytic capability can be attributed to the unique structure of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor with enhanced light absorption ability and excellent carrier transport capability. Meanwhile, the large surface area of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor can increase the contact probability between catalyst and target and provide more surface-active centers. The photocatalytic mechanisms are analyzed by active species quenching. It indicates that h+and UO_2~-are the main active species which play a major role in catalyzing environmental toxic pollutants. Simultaneously, the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor had high efficiency and stability.     

填埋场垃圾堆体平面压实工程试验研究

原生垃圾密度很小，为提高填埋垃圾堆体密实度、延长填埋场使用寿命，对填埋垃圾进行压实处理很重要。本文通过现场工程试验对影咱填埋垃圾堆体平面压实效果的主要因素进行了系统研究。实验结果表明：为取得最佳的垃圾堆体平面压实效果，最佳垃圾摊铺厚度在0.5m—0.7m之间，最佳机械行程次数为3次，增加碾压次数有利于提高垃圾堆体密实度，垃圾最佳含水率在30％——50％之间。