城镇燃气埋地含缺陷聚乙烯管道应力分析

建立了埋地含缺陷聚乙烯管道模型,应用有限元方法计算管道的应力和变形量,分别考虑管道内压、地面载荷和管道缺陷深度变化对管道应力和变形的影响。研究结果表明,管道最大应力随管道内压的增大而增大;随地面载荷的增加呈先减小后增大趋势;随管道缺陷深度增大而增大。管道变形量随内压增大而增大,但增长较小;随地面载荷增大而增大,增长较大;管道缺陷深度只对管道缺陷处变形量有影响。研究结果为确定城镇燃气聚乙烯管道工作能力提供了理论依据。     

生氧药剂对矿用化学氧自救器生氧温度的影响研究

自救器是矿山井下必须携带的个体防护装置。通过对不同生氧药剂的化学反应热分析、生氧温度的理论计算和实验测试,详细分析了NaO2和KO2药剂生氧温度的高低及变化,得出:在出现相对最高温度之前,NaO2的反应速度及生氧温度明显高于在同时段内KO2的反应速度及生氧温度;但出现相对最高温度之后,NaO2的反应速度及生氧温度迅速衰减,且其衰减速度较KO2的更快。等量KO2药剂较NaO2药剂的反应时间更长一些。建议矿用自救器优选KO2为生氧药剂。     

长江三角洲地区冬季能见度特征及影响因子分析

利用Micaps提供的2013和2014年冬季长江三角洲地区(以下简称长三角)28个站点的地面常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料和国家环境保护部发布的PM_2.5质量浓度自动检测数据,分析了长三角冬季大气能见度特征,以及空气污染物和气象条件对能见度的影响.2013年冬季长三角霾天发生频率为53.4%.多元非线性回归分析表明,PM_2.5质量浓度、地表10m风速、500~850hPa水平风垂直切变、相对湿度、925~1000hPa垂直温差、850~925hPa假相当位温差这6个因子能够解释能见度变化的81.6%.气象条件对能见度的作用与污染物浓度相当,热力因子的贡献大约是动力因子的2倍.PM_2.5质量浓度越低,空气质量越好,以及相对湿度大于70%时,相对湿度通过气溶胶吸湿增长对能见度的作用越强.考虑PM_2.5质量浓度的影响时,相对湿度对能见度的贡献提高了1倍.利用2014年冬季资料验证多元拟合方程,效果较好.     

Microprofiles of activated sludge aggregates using microelectrodes in completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor

Microsensor measurements and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were combined to investigate the microbial populations and activities in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). Fed with synthetic wastewater rich in ammonia, the SBR removed 82.5±5.4% of influent nitrogen and a maximum nitrogen-removal rate of 0.52 kgN·m⁻³·d⁻¹ was achieved. The FISH analysis revealed that aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) Nitrosomonas and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) dominated the community. To quantify the microbial activities inside the sludge aggregates, microprofiles were measured using pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2− and NO3− microelectrodes. In the outer layer of sludge aggregates (0–700 μm), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) showed high activity with 4.1 μmol·cm⁻³·h⁻¹ of maximum nitrate production rate under the condition of DO concentration higher than 3.3 mg·L⁻¹. Maximum AerAOB activity was detected in the middle layer (depths around 1700 μm) where DO concentration was 1.1 mg·L⁻¹. In the inner layer (2200–3500 μm), where DO concentration was below 0.9 mg·L⁻¹, AnAOB activity was detected. We thus showed that information obtained from microscopic views can be helpful in optimizing the SBR performance.     

天津某食用油企业的能源审计实践

能源审计是国家建立节能优先长效机制的具体举措,以天津某食用油企业的能源审计为例,通过对该企业2012年的能源统计数据审核以及企业能源利用状况分析,优化资源配置,提高能源利用率,挖掘企业节能潜力,同时提出食用油行业相应的节能技改方案,对合理调整食用油行业产业结构并降低成本具有指导意义。     

Mass concentrations and temporal profiles of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 near major urban roads in Beijing

Mass concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ were measured near major roads in Beijing during six periods: summer and winter of 2001, winter of 2007, and periods before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Since the control efforts for motor vehicles helped offset the increase of emissions from the rapid growth of vehicles, the averaged PM_2.5 concentrations at roadsides during the sampling period between 2001 and 2008 fluctuated over a relatively small range. With the implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the Olympics, a clear “V” shaped curve showing the concentrations of particulate matter and other gaseous air pollutants at roadsides over time was identified. The average concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, CO and NO decreased by 31.2%, 46.3%, 32.3% and 35.4%, respectively, from June to August; this was followed by a rebound of all air pollutants in December 2008. Daily PM₁₀ concentrations near major roads exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Grade II) for 61.2% of the days in the non-Olympic periods, while only for 12.5% during the Olympics. The mean ratio of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ near major roads remained relatively stable at 0.55 (±0.108) on non-Olympic days. The ratio decreased to 0.48 (±0.099) during the Olympics due to a greater decline in fine particles than in coarse-mode PM. The ratios PM₁/PM_2.5 fluctuated over a wide range and were statistically different from each other during the sampling periods. The average ratios of PM₁/PM_2.5 on non-Olympic days were 0.71.     

新形势下基层林业企业安全教育管理机制探析

从基层林业企业安全教育管理现状出发,分析了当前安全教育管理存在的问题,结合新形势下林业企业实际,探索创新安全生产管理路径与措施。     

乐果UV-TiO_2光催化降解产物对LGX9敏感菌株的毒性

为准确反映乐果UV-TiO2光催化液对环境生物的毒性作用,以乐果敏感菌株LGX9为受试对象,研究了TiO2、H2O2、Fe2+、通入空气、初始pH值等因素对乐果UV-TiO2光催化液降解率及抑菌率的影响规律。结果表明,当乐果初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、反应温度为30℃时,在反应体系TiO2质量浓度1.0 g/L、H2O2浓度0.025 mol/L、Fe2+浓度0.002 mol/L,且以3.5 L/min通入空气、初始pH值为1的条件下,反应1 h后,乐果降解率为92.70%,对LGX9菌株生长已无抑制作用。研究表明,利用乐果敏感菌株LGX9可以有效反映乐果光催化降解液对环境的毒性作用。     

合理规划“橙线”

2006年12月,深圳市在国内首次提出划定城市＂橙线＂的概念,旨在加强对重大危险设施及其周边影响范围的控制与管理。本文对城市＂橙线＂的内涵定义、划定方法及管理措施进行了深入探讨,并针对城市＂橙线＂的特殊性提出了＂橙线＂范围内规划控制的要求。