克雷伯氏菌对三苯基锡的酶促降解特性

研究了肺炎克雷伯氏菌对三苯基锡(TPhT)的酶促降解性能,并对酶促反应影响因素的作用机制进行了探讨,以期为阐明有机锡的微生物降解机制提供实验依据.研究证明,菌体、分泌物和胞内降解酶均具有降解TPhT的能力,在30℃转速为130.rm in-1的摇床中避光处理2 h后,对3 mg.L-1TPhT的降解率分别为10.9%、5.3%和47.9%.影响因素实验表明,降解介质、pH、温度、TPhT浓度和金属离子均会对TPhT的酶促降解效果产生影响,其中TPhT酶促反应的最适pH和温度分别为8和50℃.Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+和Fe3+在合适的浓度范围内,均会促进TPhT的降解.当Mg2+的浓度为15 mg.L-1时,胞内酶对TPhT的降解率高达73.8%.金属离子的促进效果主要与其对酶的激活、作为电子受体或电子供体参与TPhT酶促降解等作用有关.TPhT的降解速率与其浓度呈现理想的线性关系.该反应的Vm ax和Km分别为0.15 mg.(L.m in)-1和47.1 mg.L-1.     

石油类污染物在包气带中的迁移预测——以兰州西固商业石油储备库为例

包气带在地表石油类污染物下渗到地下水的过程中扮演着重要角色,同时包气带受到污染必然会对周围环境,特别是植物的生长造成影响,从而影响人类自身。主要使用HYDRUS软件预测了兰州西固商业石油储备库的渗漏对包气带的影响,分正常工作状况和非正常工作状况两种情况。在正常工作状况下,从5000天到10000天,污染物浓度呈线性增加,到50年左右,包气带底部(下边界)污染物浓度接近0.1mg/cm3。在非正常工作状况下,包气带底部(下边界)浓度增加的速度要远远大于正常工作状况,到50年左右,包气带底部(下边界)浓度达0.5mg/cm3。预测结果可以为相应工作状况下饱和带的溶质迁移模型提供参考依据,对确定饱和带污染物的浓度具有重要的参考意义。     

自动增氧人工湿地处理农村生活污水脱氮研究

针对人工湿地中溶解氧浓度不足和脱氮率偏低的问题,设计了自动增氧人工湿地进行农村生活污水处理对比试验研究.结果表明,自动增氧湿地内的DO浓度比普通人工湿地高0.3me期mg/L左右,TN、NH<,4><'+>-N去除率分别达到了67.41%、69.114%,比普通湿地高14.57%、19.79%.同时,自动增氧人工湿地系统中的亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌数量均高于普通人工湿地系统,说明自动增氧措施对于提高人工湿地脱氮效率是有效的.     

生活垃圾焚烧炉污染物排放分析

简要介绍了生活垃圾焚烧妒的炉型、烟气净化技术的选择、飞灰固化的常用处置方式,通过分析不同生活垃圾焚烧炉的烟气监测数据,说明生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气排放能够达到GB 18485-2001<生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准>相应标准限值,有些烟气污染物甚至能达到欧盟排放标准.     

茶园土壤水溶性氟含量的模拟调控

以湖北英山、大悟、竹山、赤壁和浙江杭州茶园土壤为研究对象,通过施加一定量的CaCO3、CaO、Ca3(PO4)2、CaCl2和CaSO4来调控土壤中水溶性氟含量,结果表明：英山、大悟和竹山茶园土壤中施加一定量的CaCl2或CaSO4均可降低土壤中水溶性氟含量,英山和大悟茶园土壤中可施加1～2 g·kg-1的CaCl2或...     

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of sunshine duration over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Based on observation data of daily sunshine duration from 1961 to 2020 at 175 meteorological observation stations over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, spatial transformation analysis, climate trend analysis and M-K mutation test were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the seasonal and annual sunshine duration in the region in the last 60 years. The results show that (1) annual average sunshine duration was 2 323 h, the maximum was 3 487 h in Gaer, Tibet, and the minimum was 771 h in Ya'an, Sichuan. The high-value areas were mostly located in western Tibet, northern Qinghai, western Gansu, and Xinjiang, and the low-value areas were mostly located in Nyingchi in Tibet, the mountainous area on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin, and northwestern Yunnan. The highest sunshine duration was recorded in winter (631 h), and the lowest was recorded in autumn (555 h) among the four seasons. (2) The average decrease in annual sunshine duration was 10.27 h/10 a. The largest rates of decrease were mainly in Gannan of Gansu and Ganzi of Sichuan, with the largest rate of decrease of 130 h/10 a. The areas with large rates of increase were mainly in Hotan area of Xinjiang, Liangshan of Sichuan and Lhasa of Tibet, with the largest increase of 61 h/10 a. Among the four seasons, spring exhibited an upward trend, and the remainder exhibited a downward trend. (3) Before 2017, the annual sunshine duration increased but declined after 2017. Spring sunshine duration had the largest number of mutation years, and the earliest mutation time was 1963. Winter had the fewest number of mutation years and the latest mutation time occurred in 2015. In summary, the annual and seasonal sunshine duration of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau vary greatly in space, but with the general characteristics of more sunshine in the northwest and less in the southeast, and sunshine hours were mainly decreasing, with 2017 as a mutation point of annual sunshine duration. Most areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have great potential for photosynthetic production and are suitable for the development of light-loving plants and high-density planting. Shade-loving or shade-tolerant plants, including tea, are suitable for development in remote mountainous areas with low sunshine values in the western part of the basin, including Ya’an, Sichuan, and other areas, such as Medog, Tibet. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Cr(VI)对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)幼虾暴露和恢复期肝胰脏的SOD活性、MDA及MTs含量的影响

为了探索水体中Cr(VI)对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应,通过Cr(VI)的暴露(15 d)和清水恢复实验(15 d),研究了Cr(VI)对脊尾白虾肝胰脏的SOD活性、MDA及MTs含量的影响。结果表明,通过15 d的暴露,5 mg·L-1(高浓度)、0.5 mg·L-1(低浓度)实验组肝胰脏的SOD均显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,两个浓度实验组均能够恢复到对照组水平(p0.05)。MDA在暴露阶段呈现持续上升的趋势,且在15 d后两个浓度实验组MDA的含量均显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,5 mg·L-1实验组的MDA含量依然显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),0.5mg·L-1实验组的MDA含量基本恢复到对照组水平(p0.05)。通过15 d的暴露,两个浓度实验组MTs的含量均显著高于对照组水平(p0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,两个浓度实验组MTs的含量均能够恢复到对照组水平(p0.05)。     

Cr(Ⅵ)对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)幼虾暴露和恢复期肝胰脏的SOD活性、MDA及MTs含量的影响

为了探索水体中Cr(Ⅵ)对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应,通过Cr(Ⅵ)的暴露(15 d)和清水恢复实验(15d),研究了Cr(Ⅵ)对脊尾白虾肝胰脏的SOD活性、MDA及MTs含量的影响.结果表明,通过15 d的暴露,5 mg·L-1(高浓度)、0.5 mg· L-1(低浓度)实验组肝胰脏的SOD均显著高于对照组水平(p＜0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,两个浓度实验组均能够恢复到对照组水平(p＞0.05).MDA在暴露阶段呈现持续上升的趋势,且在15 d后两个浓度实验组MDA的含量均显著高于对照组水平(p＜0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,5mg·L-1实验组的MDA含量依然显著高于对照组水平(p＜0.05),0.5mg·L-1实验组的MDA含量基本恢复到对照组水平(p＞0.05).通过15 d的暴露,两个浓度实验组MTs的含量均显著高于对照组水平(p＜0.05),15 d的清水恢复后,两个浓度实验组MTs的含量均能够恢复到对照组水平(p＞0.05).     

基于多元统计方法的长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属的时空分布特征

应用聚类分析(cluster analysis,CA)、判别分析(discriminant analysis,DA)等多元统计学方法对2005—2009年长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属的时空分布特征进行分析,以识别沉积物中重金属指标的时间与空间差异性.时间聚类分析结果将沉积物中重金属在时间尺度上划分为2006年,2005年和2007—2009年两组,判别分析正确率为80%,表征时间差异性的显著性重金属指标为Zn、Hg.空间聚类分析结果将沉积物中重金属在空间尺度上划分为近岸区,长江河口锋和羽状锋区之间两个海域,判别分析正确率为90%,表征空间差异性的显著性重金属指标为Zn、Hg.     

基于ATCA架构智能监控管理平台的设计与应用

一、概述 随着我国平安城市建设的不断深化,安防行业已经深入到社会生活的方方面面,大到公共安全、金融教育、电力电信、交通能源等,小到小区监控与家庭安防,安防产品迅速扩大至各行各业。各行业根据实际需要逐渐引进了多种安防系统,如视频监控系统、门禁监控系统、楼宇自动化系统等,但是这些系统往往各自独立,