武汉市主体功能区划细分研究

文章选取武汉市为研究对象,在梳理国内相关文献及政策的基础上,以自然要素斑块为基本单元,从资源环境承载力、现有开发密度、发展潜力3个方面,选取17个指标构建主体功能区划分指标体系,运用主成分分析法、聚类分析法等数理方法对主体功能区进行初分和细分研究。结果表明:武汉市可进一步细分为优化开发区、重点开发区、强限制开发区、弱限制开发区、禁止开发区。结果为规范武汉国土空间开发秩序提供了理论依据。     

增白、护肤小心中毒

冬季,很多女士喜欢用增白粉蜜、增白奶等来美容,但要注意,有的增白剂具有一定的毒性。增白化妆品中含有的有毒化合物主要分成两类：一是无机汞盐类,多以汞的氯盐或磺性形式加入增白化妆品中。汞离子能干扰正常酶催化的由酪氨变成黑色素的反应,从而使皮肤增白。但无论有机汞还是无机汞,在与皮肤接触时都很容易被吸收。皮肤搽上这种化妆品五小时内有百分之六的汞被吸收。如果长期用这种化妆品,皮肤吸收的汞元素将造成不可低估的危害。 另一类是氢醌类增白剂,属于苯酚的衍生物,它影响色素颗粒的形成及沉着,对黑色细胞有损害,可以有一些增白剂效果,但高于百分之三的氢醌可引起皮肤萎缩,色素沉着,变态性接触过敏,造成皮肤红斑、水肿等中毒现象。     

交通安全四法

笔者在松藻矿区和到重庆、成都、北京等大城市 ,多次听到、读到或亲眼见的车辆肇事悲剧 ,使我受到了交通安全必须从小事做起的教育 ,并归纳出个人“交通安全四法”,供广大读者借鉴和参考。(1 )走安全道法凡有天桥或地下通道之处 ,宁可多走点路也不乱穿马路。为减少爬梯上坎的劳     

Multi-scale marine biodiversity patterns inferred efficiently from habitat image processing

Cost-effective proxies of biodiversity and species abundance, applicable across a range of spatial scales, are needed for setting conservation priorities and planning action. We outline a rapid, efficient, and low-cost measure of spectral signal from digital habitat images that, being an effective proxy for habitat complexity, correlates with species diversity and requires little image processing or interpretation. We validated this method for coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, across a range of spatial scales (1 m to 10 km), using digital photographs of benthic communities at the transect scale and high-resolution Landsat satellite images at the reef scale. We calculated an index of image-derived spatial heterogeneity, the mean information gain (MIG), for each scale and related it to univariate (species richness and total abundance summed across species) and multivariate (species abundance matrix) measures of fish community structure, using two techniques that account for the hierarchical structure of the data: hierarchical (mixed-effect) linear models and distance-based partial redundancy analysis. Over the length and breadth of the GBR, MIG alone explained up to 29% of deviance in fish species richness, 33% in total fish abundance, and 25% in fish community structure at multiple scales, thus demonstrating the possibility of easily and rapidly exploiting spatial information contained in digital images to complement existing methods for inferring diversity and abundance patterns among fish communities. Thus, the spectral signal of unprocessed remotely sensed images provides an efficient and low-cost way to optimize the design of surveys used in conservation planning. In data-sparse situations, this simple approach also offers a viable method for rapid assessment of potential local biodiversity, particularly where there is little local capacity in terms of skills or resources for mounting in-depth biodiversity surveys.     

Early onset of vegetation growth vs. rapid green-up: impacts on juvenile mountain ungulates

Seasonal patterns of climate and vegetation growth are expected to be altered by global warming. In alpine environments, the reproduction of birds and mammals is tightly linked to seasonality; therefore such alterations may have strong repercussions on recruitment. We used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a satellite-based measurement that correlates strongly with aboveground net primary productivity, to explore how annual variations in the timing of vegetation onset and in the rate of change in primary production during green-up affected juvenile growth and survival of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in four different populations in two continents. We indexed timing of onset of vegetation growth by the integrated NDVI (INDVI) in May. The rate of change in primary production during green-up (early May to early July) was estimated as (1) the maximal slope between any two successive bimonthly NDVI values during this period and (2) the slope in NDVI between early May and early July. The maximal slope in NDVI was negatively correlated with lamb growth and survival in both populations of bighorn sheep, growth of mountain goat kids, and survival of Alpine ibex kids, but not with survival of mountain goat kids. There was no effect of INDVI in May and of the slope in NDVI between early May and early July on juvenile growth and survival for any species. Although rapid changes in NDVI during the green-up period could translate into higher plant productivity, they may also lead to a shorter period of availability of high-quality forage over a large spatial scale, decreasing the opportunity for mountain ungulates to exploit high-quality forage. Our results suggest that attempts to forecast how warmer winters and springs will affect animal population dynamics and life histories in alpine environments should consider factors influencing the rate of changes in primary production during green-up and the timing of vegetation onset.     

人脸识别技术在公安领域的应用浅析

近年来,国内公安领域人脸识别应用技术发展迅猛,人脸识别已成为继指纹识别后的另外一项重要的生物特征识别手段。本文对人脸识别技术的基本原理、关键技术、性能现状以及在公安领域的应用模式进行了总结分析,并初步探讨了人脸识别技术当前在应用中存在的问题。     

Cd-Cu-Pb复合污染对芥菜吸收Cd、Cu和Pb及矿质元素的影响

以十字花科的芥菜为材料,通过室内盆栽均匀设计试验,研究了Cd-Cu-Pb复合污染下芥菜对重金属的吸收转运特点以及对矿质元素吸收的影响. 结果表明:3种重金属在芥菜体内积累能力为Cd＞Cu＞Pb;芥菜对Pb、Cd有较强耐性,对高浓度Cu耐性不强. 土壤中重金属的含量是影响芥菜各部分重金属含量的主要因素之一;Cd可抑制芥菜对Pb的吸收和转移,促进Cu向芥菜地上部转移;Cd-Pb复合效应促进了Cd在芥菜体内累积;Cu抑制芥菜吸收Pb;Cu-Pb可促进Cd抑制Cu在芥菜各部的积累. 与对照相比,复合污染显著降低了芥菜对矿质元素的吸收累积,各处理芥菜对Mg、Fe和K的吸收转移特点显示出相似的规律,即地上部w(Mg)远大于地下部而w(Fe)和w(K)为地下部占优. Cd可极大促进芥菜对K的吸收而抑制对Fe的吸收,Cu则阻碍地下部对K的吸收;Cu与Cd-Pb复合效应可抑制K向地上部转移.      

3 200 m3高炉净循环水系统水质稳定处理

高炉净循环冷却水系统,主要是用于冷却高炉进风口、热风阀等设备.介绍了北方某钢铁厂3 200 m3高炉净循环水系统水质稳定方案.针对高炉现场取水,运用正交试验,结合静态失重法和静态阻垢法筛选使用药剂为双1,6-亚己基三胺五亚甲基磷酸(BHMTPMPA)、分散剂、Zn2 ,并且分别作出所用药剂和筛选出来的配方的极化曲线,讨论其缓蚀原理.最终确定该复合药剂的最佳用药量.     

管荀与消防

春秋战国时期,不少政治家、思想家认为消防是关系国家贫富的大事,提出“修火宪”的主张。春秋初期的管子、战国末期的荀子便是其中的代表人物。管子(?——公元前645年),春秋初期著名的政治家。齐国人,名夷吾,字仲。被齐桓公任命为“卿”。他