长江流域氧氟沙星和金霉素的人体健康水质基准研究

抗生素因其潜在的生态和健康风险而引起全球关注。目前,中国长江流域抗生素的人体健康水质基准研究尚处于空白阶段,不利于国家进一步开展抗生素新污染物的管控和风险评估工作。为促进长江流域抗生素污染物的人体健康水质基准研究和人体健康风险评估工作的开展,分别在长江流域宜宾段(上游)、重庆段(上游)、宜昌段(上游)、武汉段(中游)和上海段(下游)采集并分析了表层水样和不同营养级鱼样中氧氟沙星(OFL)和金霉素(CTC)的含量(采样点涉及长江干流、支流、沿江水库以及沿江城镇密集区)。通过分析长江流域OFL和CTC在第2、3、4营养级鱼类的最终营养级生物累积系数(A_fi),结合抗生素毒理参数和人群暴露参数,在饮水和消费水产品两种暴露途径下,推导出了长江流域OFL和CTC的人体健康水质基准(AWQC)。结果表明,长江流域水体中OFL和CTC的质量浓度分别为ND-1.55×10^-4、ND-4.17×10^-4 mg·L^-1,鱼体中OFL和CTC的质量分数分别为ND-4.94×10^-2、ND-0.108...     

碱法造纸黑液改性脱水和系列应用技术

我国造纸工业原料８０％以上的草类纤维，数千家中小型企业碱回收在技术，经济上有困难，每年上千万吨的造纸黑液排入江河湖泊，造成严重的环境污染，本文提出了以一类来源丰富，价格低廉，用处不大的物质对黑液进行化学改性，脱水干燥制得一种新产品－脱水必性黑液的技术，且介绍该新产品在诸多领域中的用途，为治理造纸黑液对自然环境的污染寻得一条行之有效的途径。     

网络数据库公文查询系统的设计与实现

简单介绍了WEB数据库的ASP开发技术，设计了网络数据库公文查询系统的查询方案，已建立的公文数据库采取HTTP传输协议，应用WWW信息发布方式，实现了甘肃省环保局避域网内公文的共享，从而为网络技术在未来环境信息网络数据库数据的发布提供了有益的借鉴。     

镉还原法测定水中硝酸盐氮的一个问题

镉汞齐法测定水中硝酸盐氮在美国“水和废水标准检验法”13版和15版中均有介绍,国内也有应用这个方法的报道.该法手续简单,快速,每小时可以测3～4个样品,方法灵敏度高,干扰因素少,适合在环境监测中应用.本法对大量样品操作并不理想.镉汞齐还原柱对硝酸盐的还原效率往往不足100%,因此在环境监测中如亚硝酸盐含量较高时,用现行镉汞齐法中提供的结果计算     

Dissipation of S-metolachlor and butachlor in agricultural soils and responses of bacterial communities: Insights from compound-specific isotope and biomolecular analyses

The soil dissipation of the widely used herbicides S-metolachlor(SM) and butachlor(BUT)was evaluated in laboratory microcosms at two environmentally relevant doses(15 and 150 μg/g) and for two agricultural soils(crop and paddy).Over 80% of SM and BUT were dissipated within 60 and 30 days,respectively,except in experiments with crop soil at 150 μg/g.Based on compound-specific isotope analysis(CSIA) and observed dissipation,biodegradation was the main process responsible for the observed decrease of SM and BUT in the paddy soil.For SM,biodegradation dominated over other dissipation processes,with changes of carbon isotope ratios(Δδ~(13)C) of up to 6.5‰ after 60 days,and concomitant production of ethane sulfonic acid(ESA) and oxanilic acid(OXA) transformation products.In crop soil experiments,biodegradation of SM occurred to a lesser extent than in paddy soil,and sorption was the main driver of apparent BUT dissipation.Sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene showed that soil type and duration of herbicide exposure were the main determinants of bacterial community variation.In contrast,herbicide identity and spiking dose had no significant effect.In paddy soil experiments,a high(4:1,V/V) ESA to OXA ratio for SM was observed,and phylotypes assigned to anaerobic Clostridiales and sulfur reducers such as Desulfuromonadales and Syntrophobacterales were dominant for both herbicides.Crop soil microcosms,in contrast,were associated with a reverse,low(1:3,V/V)ratio of ESA to OXA for SM,and Alphaproteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacillales dominated regardless of the herbicide.Our results emphasize the variability in the extent and modes of SM and BUT dissipation in agricultural soils,and in associated changes in bacterial communities.     

我国古代防火

历史上，先民对于防火具有相当浓的意识，并在生活中十分注重于防火。     

藏在你身边的十大火灾隐患及其安全防范

一、明火源 作为明火源的打火机、火柴、烟头、蚊香、蜡烛等，很多人经常使用。这些火源不但能引燃家用燃气、汽油等易燃易爆气体或液体，还能引燃柴草、蚊帐、布料、沙发，甚至木质家具等物品。使用不当，尤其是小孩玩火，极易造成火灾。