ICP-MS法测水中汞的记忆效应消除方法研究

建立了简便快捷的消除汞记忆效应的冲洗方法,蠕动泵以35 r/min的转速吸取清洗液冲洗管路30 s,清洗液为抗坏血酸(ω=0.05%)、硫脲(ω=0.1%)和盐酸(φ=5%)所组成的混合溶液,该方法能够有效消除电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测汞的记忆效应,适用于地表水、地下水、污水中汞的电感耦合等离子体质谱法的准确测定及仪器管路中汞记忆效应的消除。     

工厂化养鱼水体的臭氧处理系统设计及安全性研究

为确定臭氧在鱼类工厂化养殖水处理中的应用方法,设计了臭氧水处理系统和基于PLC水体臭氧浓度在线监控系统。通过实时监测气源为纯氧和空气产生臭氧在养殖水体的溶解和衰减过程,进行了纯氧气源产生臭氧设定浓度的鱼类消毒杀菌试验。结果表明:纯氧产生的臭氧适用于鱼类和水体的消毒杀菌处理,空气产生的臭氧适宜于氨氮、悬浮物和有机物的处理;水产养殖中利用纯氧为气源的臭氧消毒杀菌处理过程中,建立精准的控制系统,可达到需要的实时检测和控制臭氧浓度,进行安全可靠的消毒杀菌处理。     

多灾种风险评估研究进展

随着灾害风险研究的深入,多灾种风险得到了越来越多的关注,多灾种风险评估理论与方法被逐渐提出并在部分区域得以应用。在厘定多灾种以及多灾种风险基本概念的基础上,系统综述了国内外有较大影响的多灾种风险评估方法及其分类体系。针对不同类型,分别选取典型案例进一步分析其评估流程和应用特点。在系统梳理当前评估方法的基础上,指出了多灾种风险评估存在灾种之间相互作用关系考虑不足、综合方法选择不够合理、难以计算多灾种绝对风险等问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。     

The rhythm of stereotypic behaviors in captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)北大核心CSCD

Stereotypy can be defined as a repetitive behavioral pattern with no apparent function or target in captivity. It is considered an abnormal behavior in contrast to the behavior in wild habitats and is often used as an important index to evaluate the captive environment, which has a significant scientific value. Many previous studies have focused on the impact of environment on stereotypical behavior; however, the rhythm of stereotypy remains unclear. To determine the mechanism of stereotypy, eight giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were investigated 24 h a day from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019, with focal sampling and continuous recording. No stereotypy in the juveniles was noted, while the adult giant pandas displayed different stereotypies. Mean stereotypy durations were 0.72% of the total activity in circadian rhythm, with a peak of mean durations in all seasons occurring at 7:00 am–9:00 am, while, in spring, there was a peak of mean duration at 1:00 am–3:00 am. Although there was no significant difference, mean stereotypy durations and frequencies in the night were longer than those in the daytime. Mean stereotypy frequencies in spring reached the highest level, whereas mean stereotypy durations in winter were maximal. The adult giant pandas in the daytime showed maximal mean stereotypy durations in winter and minimal mean stereotypy durations in busy seasons (summer and autumn), whereas mean stereotypy durations at night were maximal in busy seasons. Despite no significant differences among these seasons, our results suggest that the stereotypy of giant pandas may have diurnal rhythms and seasonal differences. In light of the similar captive environment between adult and juvenile giant pandas, the appearance of stereotypy may be correlated with age, which may be the effects of the environment or a strategy of adaptation. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

基于环境磁学响应监测林地土壤中金属元素

采集并测试广州市林地土壤样品600余组,分析土壤中As、Cr、Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和磁学性质的相关性。结果表明：土壤磁性颗粒以软磁性矿物为主,北部以超顺磁、多畴颗粒为主,南部以单畴、多畴颗粒为主。相关性分析表明：北部Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd与较粗的磁性颗粒共存,Cd与软磁性矿物共存,As与超顺磁颗粒共存且为自然源;南部相关关系不显著,Ni和As来源为人为源;不同污染程度土壤回归方程相关系数均较好,南部深〖CD*2〗浅层回归方程证明上述8种元素和磁性相关性不受自然来源或人类活动影响。     

太湖西南部沉积物重金属的空间分布特征和污染评价

基于GIS地统计模块,对太湖西南部沉积物6种重金属的空间分布特征和污染状况进行了探讨. 结果表明,太湖西南部沉积物重金属含量显著高于太湖沉积物背景值,w(Cd),w(Cu),w(Zn),w(Pb),w(Ni)和w(As)分别超标4.67,1.27,2.89,2.29,1.94和1.80倍,具有明显的累积效应. 地统计分析表明,太湖西南部沉积物重金属的空间自相关性较弱,说明随机性因素和结构因素对重金属的空间分布有较大的影响. 重金属含量的克里格插值图反映了重金属污染的空间格局,太湖西南区域沉积物已明显受到了重金属Zn,Pb和Cd的污染,西南岸区污染最严重,其次是南岸区,污染最轻的是湖心区.