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41.
A large scale ecosystem restoration program was initiated in 1997 on the Pecos River in Western Texas. Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), a non-native invasive tree, had created a near monoculture along the banks of the river by replacing most native vegetation. Local irrigation districts, private landowners, federal and state agencies, and private industry worked together to formulate and implement a restoration plan, with a goal of reducing the effects of saltcedar and restoring the native ecosystem of the river. An initial management phase utilizing state-of-the-art aerial application of herbicide began in 1999 and continued through 2003. Initial mortality of saltcedar averaged about 85-90%. Monitoring efforts were initiated at the onset of the project to include evaluating the effects of saltcedar control on salinity of the river water, efficiency of water delivery down the river as an irrigation water source, and estimates of water salvage. To date, no effect on salinity can be measured and irrigation delivery was suspended in 2002-2003 due to drought conditions. Water salvage estimates show a significant reduction in system water loss after saltcedar treatment. However, a flow increase in the river is not yet evident. Monitoring efforts will continue in subsequent years. 相似文献
42.
Aerosol samples of PM10 and PM2.5 are collected in summertime at four monitoring sites in Guangzhou, China. The concentrations of organic and elemental carbons (OC/EC), inorganic ions, and elements in PM10 and PM2.5 are also quantified. Our study aims to: (1) characterize the particulate concentrations and associated chemical species in urban atmosphere (2) identify the potential sources and estimate their apportionment. The results show that average concentration of PM2.5 (97.54 μg m−3) in Guangzhou significantly exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 24-h average of 65 μg m−3. OC, EC, Sulfate, ammonium, K, V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd and Se are mainly in PM2.5 fraction of particles, while chloride, nitrate, Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti and Mn are mainly in PM2.5-10 fraction. The major components such as sulfate, OC and EC account for about 70–90% of the particulate mass. Enrichment factors (EF) for elements are calculated to indicate that elements of anthropogenic origins (Zn, Pb, As, Se, V, Ni, Cu and Cd) are highly enriched with respect to crustal composition (Al, Fe, Ca, Ti and Mn). Ambient and source data are used in the multi-variable linearly regression analysis for source identification and apportionment, indicating that major sources and their apportionments of ambient particulate aerosols in Guangzhou are vehicle exhaust by 38.4% and coal combustion by 26.0%, respetively. 相似文献
43.
Sheng Y Chen F Yu Y Wang X Sheng G Fu J Zeng EY 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,143(1-3):121-130
Emissions of five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), including methanethiol, carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, from a heavily polluted river, Shijing River in Guangzhou of South China, was studied. The results showed that the amounts of all VOSCs emitted from the river increased from downstream to upstream along the river with increasing magnitude of water pollution. The emission of carbonyl sulfide was the highest among the target analytes, ranging from 23.8 microg m(-2) h(-1) to 42.6 microg m(-2) h(-1) at the water surface of Shijin River. The concentration levels of VOSCs on the riverbank were lower than those at the water surface either in Shijing River or in Liuxi River. However, the contribution of dimethyl disulfide to the total VOSCs on the riverbank was higher than that at the water surface in most sampling sites, indicating that there might be a point source of dimethyl disulfide on the riverbank besides diffusion from water surface. The 24-h semi-continuous monitoring data revealed that the emissions of VOSCs at the water surface peaked at 9:00 and 21:00, which was consistent with the water quality variability in Shijin River caused by daily tidal variation. 相似文献
44.
Gaofei Xiao HongYan Zeng Sheng Xu ChaoRong Chen Quan Zhao XiaoJun Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(10):14-23
TiO_2 in anatase crystal phase is a very effective catalyst in the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in water. To improve its photocatalytic activity, the Ti-coating Mg Al hydrotalcite(Ti–Mg Al–LDH) was prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method.Response surface method(RSM) was employed to evaluate the effect of Ti species coating parameters on the photocatalytic activity, which was found to be affected by the furnace temperature, N2 flow rate and influx time of precursor gas. Application of RSM successfully increased the photocatalytic efficiency of the Ti–Mg Al–LDH in methylene blue photodegradation under UV irradiation, leading to improved economy of the process.According to the results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunner–Emmet–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Hallender, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra analyses, the Ti species(TiO_2or/and Ti~(4+)) were successfully coated on the Mg Al–LDH matrix. The Ti species on the surface of the Ti–Mg Al–LDH lead to a higher photocatalytic performance than commercial TiO_2-P25. The results suggested that CVD method provided a new approach for the industrial preparation of Ti-coating Mg Al–LDH material with good photocatalytic performances. 相似文献
45.
该文主要探讨福安市白马港下白石5000吨级通用码头在陆域回填过程中,因大量取土引起取土区水土流失的影响分析及防治措施。 相似文献
46.
Zeping Gu Jialiang Feng Wenliang Han Li Li Minghong Wu Jiamo Fu Guoying Sheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(3):389-396
Forty-eight daily time interval PM2:5 samples were collected from December 2006 to January 2008 in an urban site in Shanghai,
China. Concentrations and compositions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed with GC-MS to study the diurnal
and seasonal variations and to identify the main emitting sources. The diurnal variation of the PAHs concentrations was greater in
the late autumn and winter sampling days, and was greatly influenced by meteorological conditions such as wind speed and ambient
temperature. The concentration of PAHs in the mornings (6:30–10:00) increased distinctly, and was high in the late autumn and winter
sampling days, indicating the contribution from vehicle emissions during rush hours. The diurnal variation of the high molecular weight
PAHs did not seem to be controlled by the shift of gas-particle partitioning due to temperature variation, instead, it could be indicative of
the variation in the source. Statistical analyses showed that the concentrations of PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature and
wind speed, and positively correlated with relative humidity. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggested mixed emission sources of petroleum
and coal/biomass combustion for PAHs in the PM2:5 in Shanghai. 相似文献
47.
Li Li Wu Wang Jialiang Feng Dongping Zhang Huaijian Li Zeping Gu Bangjin Wang Guoying Sheng Jiamo Fu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(3):405-412
PM2.5 aerosols were collected in forests along north latitude in boreal-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones in eastern China, i.e., Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (CB), Dongping National Forest Park in Chongming Island (CM), Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve (DH), Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan Island (HN). The mass concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as well as concentrations of ten inorganic ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were determined. Aerosol chemical mass closures were achieved. The 24-hr average concentrations of PM2.5 were 38.8, 89.2, 30.4, 18 μg/m3 at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. Organic matter and EC accounted for 21%-33% and 1.3%-2.3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. The sum of three dominant secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+) accounted for 44%, 50%, 45% and 16% of local PM2.5 mass at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. WSOC comprised 35%-65% of OC. The sources of PM2.5 include especially important regional anthropogenic pollutions at Chinese forest areas. 相似文献
48.
The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 , Pb2 ,and Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,and Zn2 on COD degradin... 相似文献
49.
Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers among workers at an electronic waste dismantling region in Guangdong, China 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the PBDE serum levels in residents from an electronic waste dismantling region, residents living within 50 km of the dismantling region, and a referent group with no occupational PBDE exposure. Fourteen PBDE congeners including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, BDE-196, BDE-197, BDE-203, BDE-206, BDE-207, BDE-208 and BDE-209 were quantified in these three groups by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. We found that the levels of all PBDE congeners in serum of residents from electronic waste dismantling region were significantly higher than those in the two other groups. The referents showed the lowest PBDE levels. Concentrations of congeners with a high number of bromine substituents, i.e., hepta- to decaBDEs in occupational exposure workers were 11-20 times higher than those in the referent group. BDE-209 was the dominant congener. The highest concentration of BDE-209 was observed among the electronic waste dismantling workers, and it was 3436 ng g(-1) lipid weight (ng g(-1) l.w.), which is the highest concentration of BDE-209 in humans worldwide. Some higher brominated PBDE congeners such as BDE-197, BDE-207 and BDE-208 also showed elevated concentrations in dismantling workers. This study confirms that BDE-209 is released to the environment and can bioaccumulate in the blood of electronic waste dismantling workers, and extensive occupational exposure to PBDEs leads to elevated concentrations of all PBDE congeners in serum. 相似文献
50.
Mengke Zhu Bocong Huang Shenghao Ai Zongyang Liu Xiaoyan Ai Meihua Sheng Yingwei Ai 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):42