西南山地铅锌矿区耕地土壤和谷类产品重金属含量及健康风险评价

对西南山地某铅锌矿区耕地土壤（旱地和水田）和主要谷物类产品（小麦、玉米和稻米）进行取样调查,分别测定并分析了土壤和谷物中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As等重金属的含量.同时,通过Nemero综合污染指数评价了矿区耕地土壤的污染状况,并利用MMSOILS风险评价模型评价了食用当地谷物类产品对成人和儿童造成的重金属健康风...     

黄河保护立法中生态环境管理制度建设的若干思考

黄河保护立法是体现黄河保护、治理、高质量发展的国家意志和社会行为准则。建立完善生态环境管理制度是推进国家治理体系、提高国家治理能力的重要内容。为集中力量解决黄河流域目前存在的生态本底脆弱、系统环境超载等突出生态环境问题,必须将生态环境管理制度建设提升至立法层面。系统分析黄河流域生态环境管理方面的现状与问题,以提升流域生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化为目标,在"协同推进、整体优化"的制度发展路径下,构建"规划与管控、污染防治攻坚、生态保护修复、保障与监督"四位一体生态环境管理制度框架,提出建设黄河流域生态环境管理制度的立法建议,对黄河保护立法提供理论参考,为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供坚实法治保障。     

江灌分水岭地区的农业气候资源开发和利用

本文对江淮分水岭地区的气候资源，水资源，农业生产结构进行了分析，对合理开发利用气候资源和水资源问题提出了一些措施。     

长期连续施用猪粪的旱地红壤肥力健康与花生产量研究

依托中国科学院鹰潭红壤生态实验站内一个连续施肥23 a的旱地红壤-花生作物体系长期定位试验点,重点研究长期施用猪粪对土壤酸度、有机质含量和主要养分等土壤肥力指标与健康的影响。采用由隶属度值制成的雷达图探讨旱地红壤肥力的制约因素,并采用土壤健康指数面积法定量评估土壤肥力健康指数水平,最后以连续施肥23 a后的花生产量验证土壤肥力健康指数的适用性。结果表明,连续23 a的施肥提升了花生地土壤肥力健康水平;与施用化肥相比,施用猪粪大幅降低了土壤可交换性酸度,同时提高了土壤pH值、有机质和氮磷养分含量,从而将整体土壤健康指数从0.70提高到1.20,施用猪粪处理组的花生植株总生物量与花生果粒产量分别是施用化肥组的2.84和2.28倍。因此,长期施用猪粪可有效改善旱地红壤酸度强、养分少等肥力限制条件,提高土壤肥力健康水平及作物产量。     

铅锌矿业废弃地草本植物重金属耐性研究

本文调查了四川甘洛铅锌矿废弃矿区和尾矿库区自然生长的15种草本植物，分析了其体内重金属（Pb、Zn、Cd）的含量，并对植物的重金属耐受性作了初步探讨。研究表明，在所采集的15种草本植物中，地上部分以小飞蓬对Pb、Zn、Cd的富集量最高；地下部分富集量则表现出较大的种间差异性，野烟对Pb的积累量最高，假酸浆对Zn的积累量最高，水蓼对Cd的积累量最高，但均未达到“超积累植物”的标准。     

4例二甲基甲酰胺中毒报告

二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是一种无色、带鱼腥味的液体溶剂,可溶于水和一般有机溶剂,常用于染料、制药、石油提炼、制革、树脂等行业.我市某个体制包厂于2001年8月发生4例本品中毒事故,报告如下:     

蚯蚓辅助微生物修复芘污染土壤

通过微宇宙实验,研究了蚯蚓对不同土壤中芘的微生物降解率的影响及蚯蚓对芘的富集率.结果表明,有机质较高土壤中芘的微生物降解率和蚯蚓富集率都低于有机质低的土壤,而老化作用降低了芘的生物有效性.无论在新鲜染毒还是老化的土壤中.蚯蚓均可提高土壤中芘的去除率和微生物降解率.在新鲜染毒的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由41.78%和27.02%分别提高到89.24%和57.53%,其中分别有51.48%和41.63%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.76%和15.90%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.而在老化的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由36.53%和20.50%分别提高到91.93%和45.46%,其中分别有54.43%和32.83%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.50%和12.63%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.     

微生物对芘和苯并[a]芘污染土壤的修复

将枯草芽孢杆菌、白腐真菌和分离筛选菌群分别用于芘和苯并[a]芘污染土壤的修复,比较其修复性能,并对表面活性物剂Tween80和葡萄糖对修复效果的影响规律做了初步探讨.结果表明,60 d时,枯草芽孢杆菌和分离筛选菌修复芘污染的土壤,芘的残留率分别为7.58%±0.59%和8.69%±61.35%,空白残留率为48.18%...     

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of sunshine duration over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Based on observation data of daily sunshine duration from 1961 to 2020 at 175 meteorological observation stations over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, spatial transformation analysis, climate trend analysis and M-K mutation test were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the seasonal and annual sunshine duration in the region in the last 60 years. The results show that (1) annual average sunshine duration was 2 323 h, the maximum was 3 487 h in Gaer, Tibet, and the minimum was 771 h in Ya'an, Sichuan. The high-value areas were mostly located in western Tibet, northern Qinghai, western Gansu, and Xinjiang, and the low-value areas were mostly located in Nyingchi in Tibet, the mountainous area on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin, and northwestern Yunnan. The highest sunshine duration was recorded in winter (631 h), and the lowest was recorded in autumn (555 h) among the four seasons. (2) The average decrease in annual sunshine duration was 10.27 h/10 a. The largest rates of decrease were mainly in Gannan of Gansu and Ganzi of Sichuan, with the largest rate of decrease of 130 h/10 a. The areas with large rates of increase were mainly in Hotan area of Xinjiang, Liangshan of Sichuan and Lhasa of Tibet, with the largest increase of 61 h/10 a. Among the four seasons, spring exhibited an upward trend, and the remainder exhibited a downward trend. (3) Before 2017, the annual sunshine duration increased but declined after 2017. Spring sunshine duration had the largest number of mutation years, and the earliest mutation time was 1963. Winter had the fewest number of mutation years and the latest mutation time occurred in 2015. In summary, the annual and seasonal sunshine duration of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau vary greatly in space, but with the general characteristics of more sunshine in the northwest and less in the southeast, and sunshine hours were mainly decreasing, with 2017 as a mutation point of annual sunshine duration. Most areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have great potential for photosynthetic production and are suitable for the development of light-loving plants and high-density planting. Shade-loving or shade-tolerant plants, including tea, are suitable for development in remote mountainous areas with low sunshine values in the western part of the basin, including Ya’an, Sichuan, and other areas, such as Medog, Tibet. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

鸡爪槭光合特性对模拟酸雨的响应

研究了模拟酸雨（对照、pH 5.0、pH 4.0、pH 3.0、pH 2.0）胁迫对鸡爪槭（Acer palmatum Thunb.）叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,试验前20 d,所有处理净光合速率日积分值（DIV of Pn）、蒸腾速率日积分值（DIV of Tr）及水分利用效率（WUE）日均值均显著高于对照（P〈0.05）。试验中后期（喷后40 d、喷后60 d）,pH 5.0的处理Pn日积分值均最高,WUE相对较高而Tr日积分值相对较低。pH≤4.0的处理在同一时期Pn日积分值、Tr日积分值均随pH值的降低而降低,WUE日均值变化趋势则相反。各处理Pn日积分值、Tr日积分值和WUE日均值均随试验时间的延长而降低。喷后60 d,pH 4.0的处理较pH 2.0和pH 3.0的处理WUE低而Pn日积分值和Tr日积分值则相反。综合分析表明,pH 5.0的酸雨处理有利于鸡爪槭叶片光合能力的发挥,酸度低于pH 3.0则会使光合能力下降,影响植株生长。