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采用DustTRAK TM气溶胶(粉尘)监测仪对成都市112个不同类别的房建、市政工地施工扬尘进行测试,研究了不同类别施工扬尘的排放特征,分析了下风向扬尘浓度的变化趋势,并采用CALPUFF对成都市新都区某建筑工地的排放进行了模拟.结果表明:(1)成都市施工扬尘排放浓度约为0.13~2.91mg/m3,其中房建类施工平均浓度约为0.94mg/m3,高于市政施工;大型工地扬尘平均浓度约为0.61mg/m3,低于中型和小型工地;土方施工阶段平均浓度约为1.21mg/m3,远高于地基建设、主体建设、装饰阶段.(2)成都市施工扬尘呈现出高低浓度交替的周期性变化,其中房建工程土方施工阶段的高低浓度差值可达到0.6mg/m3以上.(3)施工扬尘在场界外下风向5~15m范围内会出现浓度增加的趋势,随后逐渐下降,在50m附近逐渐趋于稳定,稳定浓度介于0.1~0.2mg/m3.(4)CALPUFF模型能较好地从宏观角度来模拟成都地区施工扬尘的扩散趋势,但难以捕捉施工扬尘在下风向近距离的扩散特征. 相似文献
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本文运用最优化理论,对推式曝气池的结构优化设计作了探讨。通过对比分析,得出优化结果比一般方法节省投产20%,而且随着曝气池规模的增大,节省增大。 相似文献
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为提高剩余污泥的破解效果并降低能耗,采用FS(fluid shear,流体剪切)、UC(ultrasonic cavitation,超声空化)、FS和UC联合工艺(FS-UC,UC-FS)破解剩余污泥,并应用单因素试验结合响应面法对联合工艺进行优化.结果表明:FS对剩余污泥破解效果一般,只在开始阶段具有较好效果,随作用时间延长,破解效果未有显著提高甚至下降.UC对剩余污泥破解效果明显,随作用时间延长,破解效果显著提升,但能耗也随之增大,EDR(energy disintegration ratio,效能比)明显下降.相同作用时间下,UC破解效果优于FS破解效果,UC破解剩余污泥的DDCOD(degree of disintegration,破解率)与EDR均明显高于FS方法.单因素试验得出的较优FS作用时间范围为2~8 min,较优UC作用时间范围为5~15 min.响应面法试验结果显示,联合工艺的剩余污泥破解效果和能量利用率均优于单一方法,联合工艺中FS-UC工艺的破解效果优于UC-FS工艺.FS-UC工艺的最佳参数:FS处理5.6 min再UC处理15.0 min,该条件下剩余污泥实际DDCOD为50.8%,EDR为26.8%.UC-FS工艺的最佳参数:先UC作用15.0 min再FS作用7.8 min,该条件下剩余污泥实际DDCOD为36.5%,EDR为17.1%.研究显示,以DDCOD和EDR为指标,4种工艺的高效性顺序为FS-UC > UC-FS > UC > FS,其中FS-UC工艺具有能耗低、破解效率高的特点,是4种工艺中剩余污泥破解效果最好的一种工艺. 相似文献
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为研究甘肃南部城镇PM2.5及水溶性离子(WSIIs)浓度水平,于2019年4月—2020年2月在甘肃成县按季度进行PM2.5样品采集,分析了其变化特征,并运用相关和主成分分析法进行来源解析.结果表明:采样期间甘肃成县PM2.5年平均质量浓度为(57.2±26.9) μg·m-3,表现为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的季节变化特征,冬季质量浓度约为夏季的1.9倍,全年空气质量优良率为81%,其中夏季达100%.WSIIs质量浓度呈现SO42->NO3->Na+>NH4+>Ca2+> K+>Cl->Mg2+的特征.SNA是浓度水平最高的3种水溶性离子,占8种主要水溶性离子浓度的70.1%.ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)平均值为0.6,表明工农业生产及化石燃料燃烧排放等固定源是颗粒物污染的主要来源.新型冠状病毒疫情期间人员管控对PM2.5和水溶性离子中SNA质量浓度影响显著,PM2.5平均质量浓度降幅达44.2%.源解析表明,PM2.5中WSIIs主要来自化石燃料燃烧、生物质燃烧及二次源和道路建筑扬尘等. 相似文献
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Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献