浅析新疆石油天然气开发企业生态文明建设途径

以推进油田生态文明建设为目标,以塔里木油田公司为例,通过深入分析油田公司环境保护基础及面临的形势与问题,从环境保护管理、质量、总量及风险防控等方面提出了油田生态文明建设途径,以落实国家及自治区环境保护政策法规,保障油田高质量发展。     

基于熵权法的秦岭区域农村社区气候韧性评价研究

本文在构建农村社区气候韧性评价指标体系的基础上,利用位于秦岭陕西段的关中和陕南地区6市34县的农村社区问卷调查和政府部门访谈资料,对秦岭区域农村社区气候韧性进行评估。研究发现,经济韧性、制度韧性、工程韧性、社会韧性和生态韧性对秦岭区域农村社区综合气候韧性的贡献递减,并且经济韧性表现出显著的地区间差异性;秦岭区域社区气候韧性一般或较差的地区,需要从秦岭区域生态环境保护、乡村经济发展、气象灾害预警信息服务、农村基础设施建设、多部门防灾减灾救灾协同制度保障途径进一步提升该社区韧性水平,科学应对秦岭区域气候生态和气象灾害风险,保障我国生态文明建设和全面乡村振兴战略。     

Impact of water saturation level on arsenic and metal mobility in the Fe-amended soil

The impact of water saturation level (oxidizing-reducing environment) on As and metal solubility in chromium, copper, arsenic (CCA)-contaminated soil amended with Fe-containing materials was studied. The soil was mixed with 0.1 and 1 wt% of iron grit (Fe(0)) and 1, 7 and 15 wt% of oxygen scarfing granulate (OSG, a by-product of steel processing). Solubility of As and metals was evaluated by a batch leaching test and analysis of soil pore water. Soil saturation with water greatly increased As solubility in the untreated as well as in the Fe-amended soil. This was related to the reductive dissolution of Fe oxides and increased concentration of As(III) species. Fe amendments showed As reducing capacity under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The cytotoxicity of the soil pore water correlated with the concentration of As(III). The Fe-treatments as well as water saturation of soil were less significant for the solubility of Cu, Cr and Zn than for As. The batch leaching test used for waste characterization substantially underestimated As solubility that could occur under water-saturated (anaerobic) conditions. In the case of soil landfilling, other techniques than Fe-stabilization of As containing soil should be considered.     

Feasibility of incorporating waste grass clippings (Lolium perenne L.) in particleboard composites

This study investigated some of the important physical (thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) properties of single-layer particleboard panels made from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.), waste of grass clippings (Lolium perenne L.) and combinations of the two. The chemical properties (pH, holocelluse and alpha cellulose contents, and water, alcohol-benzene and 1% sodium hydroxide solubilities) of the raw materials were also determined. Panels with a 6:94 ratio of grass-to-eucalyptus particles had the required mechanical properties for interior fitments including furniture and general uses. Boards manufactured with 100% grass clippings exhibited the lowest quality. The overall panel properties improved with a lower percentage of grass clippings added. Based on initial results, it also appears that grass should compose no more than 13% to achieve acceptable panel properties for interior fitments and general uses.     

Techniques for the stabilization and assessment of treated copper-, chromium-, and arsenic-contaminated soil

Remediation mainly based on excavation and burial of the contaminated soil is impractical with regard to the large numbers of sites identified as being in need of remediation. Therefore, alternative methods are needed for brownfield remediation. This study was conducted to assess a chemical stabilization procedure of CCA-contaminated soil using iron (Fe)-containing blaster sand (BS) or oxygen-scarfing granulate (OSG). The stabilization technique was assessed with regard to the feasibility of mixing ameliorants at an industrial scale and the efficiency of the stabilization under different redox conditions. The stability was investigated under natural conditions in 1-m3 lysimeters in a field experiment, and the effect of redox conditions was assessed in a laboratory experiment (10 L). The treatments with high additions of ameliorant (8% and 17%) were more successful in both the laboratory and field experiments, even though there was enough Fe on a stochiometric basis even at the lowest addition rates (0.1% and 1%). The particle size of the Fe and the mixing influenced the stabilization efficiency. The development of anaerobic conditions, simulated by water saturation, increases the fraction of arsenic (AsIII) and, consequently, As mobility. The use of high concentrations of OSG under aerobic conditions increased the concentrations of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) in the pore water. However, under anaerobic conditions, it decreased the As leaching compared with the untreated soil, and Ni and Cu leaching was not critical. The final destination of the treated soil should govern the amendment choice, that is, an OSG concentration of approximately 10% may be suitable if the soil is to be landfilled under anaerobic conditions. Alternatively, the soil mixed with 1% BS could be kept under aerobic conditions in a landfill cover or in situ at a brownfield site. In addition, the treatment with BS appeared to produce better effects in the long term than treatment with OSG.     

Net methylmercury production as a basis for improved risk assessment of mercury-contaminated sediments

Sediments contaminated by various sources of mercury (Hg) were studied at 8 sites in Sweden covering wide ranges of climate, salinity, and sediment types. At all sites, biota (plankton, sediment living organisms, and fish) showed enhanced concentrations of Hg relative to corresponding organisms at nearby reference sites. The key process determining the risk at these sites is the net transformation of inorganic Hg to the highly toxic and bioavailable methylmercury (MeHg). Accordingly, Hg concentrations in Perca fluviatilis were more strongly correlated to MeHg (p < 0.05) than to inorganic Hg concentrations in the sediments. At all sites, except one, concentrations of inorganic Hg (2-55 microg g(-1)) in sediments were significantly, positively correlated to the concentration of MeHg (4-90 ng g(-1)). The MeHg/Hg ratio (which is assumed to reflect the net production of MeHg normalized to the Hg concentration) varied widely among sites. The highest MeHg/Hg ratios were encountered in loose-fiber sediments situated in southern freshwaters, and the lowest ratios were found in brackish-water sediments and firm, minerogenic sediments at the northernmost freshwater site. This pattern may be explained by an increased MeHg production by methylating bacteria with increasing temperature, availability of energy-rich organic matter (which is correlated with primary production), and availability of neutral Hg sulfides in the sediment pore waters. These factors therefore need to be considered when the risk associated with Hg-contaminated sediments is assessed.     

HSE管理体系宣贯行

中海石油天然气及发电有限责任公司（以下简称气电公司）为了提高公司HSE（健康、安全与环境）管理体系的可执行性,使气电公司HSE管理体系更好地指导和服务于项目公司HSE管理实践,在2007年1～4月份组织实施了公司成立以来规模最大、参与人员最多、内容最系统的一次HSE管理体系宣贯活动,为企业安全文化建设奠定了基石。     

博斯腾湖矿化度遥感反演及空间分布特征研究

以我国最大的内陆淡水湖——博斯腾湖为研究对象,利用Terra/MODIS L1B空间分辨率为250 m和500 m的遥感反射率数据及湖水矿化度实测数据建立线性回归模型,分析湖表面矿化度的空间分布特征。结果表明:空间分辨率为500 m的1~7个波段组合建立的多元线性回归模型相关性最高(R~2=0.70),模型验证结果显示,实测值和反演值的相关系数(R~2)为0.82,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.12。利用最优模型对博斯腾湖湖面矿化度进行反演,其分布存在明显的空间梯度,西北、东北和东南湖区矿化度较高,而西南湖区和湖区南部矿化度较低。     

AI安防的落地发展现状与突破

正AI的雏形可以追溯到上世纪中叶,但早期的AI学习能力十分有限,无法满足科技和生产提出的新要求,因此一直没有大范围进入公众视野。但经过半个多世纪的发展,AI学习能力达到了新的高度,不仅能指导计算机下棋、制定策略,还能对图像、声音进行识别,起到部分替代人的作用。对产业界而言,AI技术将带来有形的生产力和直接的经济效益。安防以视频技术为核心,拥有海量数据来源,行业对技术有着极大的需求,因此被认为是AI落地最好的领域之一。这几年AI技     

中国工业水污染及其成因的de Bruyn模型分析

选取废水、挥发酚、氰化物、COD、石油类和氨氮为中国工业水污染指标,利用分解分析方法将2004—2010年间的污染变化分解为规模效应、结构效应、污染治理效应、清洁技术效应和广义技术效应。结果显示,这5类效应的平均作用强度分别为2.08%、3.04%、15.61%、17.37%和32.88%,其中规模效应和广义技术效应是影响工业水污染的主导效应。各类效应对不同污染物的作用方向并不完全一致,规模效应促进污染物排放量的增加;结构效应以加重污染为主,污染治理效应和清洁技术效应以减轻污染为主;广义技术效应的平均作用强度和负向作用概率均最大,是现阶段中国工业水污染控制最为有效的手段。