金属矿物学中光性数据的测定和应用

<正> 现今人们理解定量矿相学的意义是,用光学方法在反射光下精确测定那些对矿物鉴定来说十分重要的数据。这就是反射率、显微硬度和色度以及折射率(n),吸收系数(k)和吸收指数(x)。 反射率的测定可以追溯到Orcel(1937)时代,他第一次用光电池方法测定金属矿物的反射率。这一     

A metal-free composite photocatalyst of graphene quantum dots deposited on red phosphorus

A simple approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of red phosphorus(P) was developed.A mechanical ball milling method was applied to reduce the size of red P and to deposit graphene quantum dots onto red P. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of rhodamine B.     

Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials induced pulmonary surfactant inhibition, cytotoxicity, inflammation and lung fibrosis

Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.     

梁稳根“中国制造”的“双料”首富

就在最新公布“胡润百富榜”中,2011年中国首富的名字换成了55岁的梁稳根,身家高达700亿元。他持有三一集团58％的股权,财富主要来源于三一集团旗下的两家上市公司。     

人居环境质量对乡村发展的影响——基于江苏省村庄抽样调查截面数据的分析北大核心CSCDCSSCI

农村人居环境整治是实施乡村振兴战略的重点内容,探讨人居环境质量对乡村发展的影响具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文从理论层面解析了人居环境质量影响乡村发展的机理,并基于江苏省村庄抽样调查截面数据构建了多元回归模型和结构方程模型(Structural Equation Model,SEM),就人居环境质量对乡村发展的影响及机理进行了定量分析。研究结果:①回归分析表明,人居环境质量对乡村发展的促进作用明显。②SEM建模分析发现,农村人居硬环境和软环境各构成要素对乡村发展的影响存在差异。硬环境方面,基础设施条件直接促进乡村发展,其路径系数为0.40,环境卫生状况、农户居住情况与基础设施条件之间呈现较强的相互促进作用,其路径系数分别为0.68(环境卫生状况基础设施条件)、0.65(农户居住情况基础设施条件)和0.54(环境卫生状况农户居住情况);软环境方面,乡村文化活动直接促进乡村发展,其路径系数为0.16;硬环境方面的环境卫生状况、基础设施条件与软环境方面的乡村文化活动也具有一定的相互促进作用,其路径系数分别为0.15(环境卫生状况乡村文体活动)和0.31(基础设施条件乡村文体活动)。研究认为,农村人居环境整治有助于乡村空间重构、组织重建、产业重塑,有效推动乡村形态、结构和功能转变。为更好地促进乡村发展转型与振兴,农村人居环境整治应当“软硬兼施”,以完善基础设施和丰富文体活动为重点,并同步推进环境卫生治理和居住条件改善。     

Paper-based aqueous Al ion battery with water-in-salt electrolyte

Low-cost, flexible and safe battery technology is the key to the widespread usage of wearable electronics, among which the aqueous Al ion battery with water-in-salt electrolyte is a promising candidate. In this work, a flexible aqueous Al ion battery is developed using cellulose paper as substrate. The water-in-salt electrolyte is stored inside the paper, while the electrodes are either printed or attached on the paper surface,leading to a lightweight and thin-film battery prototype. Currently, ...     

国外农业循环经济的发展

1972年联合国在斯德哥尔摩召开的人类环境会议,通过了《联合国人类环境会议宣言》,开始把环境保护和节约资源,拯救地球,实现农业的可持续发展提到了重要议程,以减少和节约能源和资源、保护生态环境,实现农业可持续发展为目的的以生态农业为主要形式的农业循环经济开始大行其道。这是因为在农业现代化过程中,化肥的大量与长期使用,致使土壤板结,肥力降低;     

南部非洲的一体化电力计划

本文概括了12个南部非洲国家电力联营的一体化电力计划(IEP)过程,阐述了使用IEP的长期计划,本文同时也着重讨论了关于未来生产量的决策过程,提出了有利于在南非采纳更清洁技术的角色和措施.     

镉在海洋动物体内的富集及其影响

最近几年来又有许多新的或作用强烈的化学药品进入了自然界的物质组成代谢中,其中有一些是非生物材料,它们能够通过多种方式影响有机体的生理作用。汞、镉和铅都属于这类金属元素,但它们的重要生物功能迄今尚未研究.自从1969年日本发生了由于镉的慢性吸收而引起的举世闻名的痛痛病     

离子色谱法分离La系元素——电子选择性不同可同时测定过渡金属和镧系金属

稀土元素的测定,特别是镧系元素,在各种工业中是很重要的。例如,在核动力工业中,对处置放射燃料的镧系分裂产物的测定就是称为燃耗(burnup)参数的衡量尺度。在矿业中各种岩石样中的痕量镧系元素的测量有助于勘探者寻找镧系矿藏。 同样,地质样中痕量镧系元素的浓度可为判断一些地质形成过程提供线索。岩石中镧系元素的浓度一般都不随时间而变。因此分析镧系物对探索地质成因及其运动可提供一个“指痕”(fingerprint),因为没有任何两个取自不同地点的样品是具有相同断