重金属由衣菌到尾核草履虫的生物选择传递

衣菌是存在于污水中的细菌,己发现它能吞食锌、铝、镍和锰。该细菌的含金属培养物又被用来饲养原生动物尾核尊履虫、并且分析结果揭示了对锌、铝和镍的蓄积作用。在这一研究中,因为衣菌是草履虫的唯一食料源,所以此结果表明那些痕量金属是通过一种捕食与被捕食的关系,是经由细菌转移到原虫的。     

煤气化废水的生物除氮

对于经活性碳生物流化床处理去除有机物后的煤气化废水,采用硝化-反硝化处理系统和反硝化-硝化处理系统,进行了生物除氮试验研究。试验结果表明,必须添加甲醇作为反硝化处理过程的外来碳源,甲醇与NO_3~--N的最小投加比应为2.7:1。在适当的处理条件下,当进水NH_3-N为500毫克/升时,NH_3-N去除率可达98％,出水NH_3-N、NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N分别小于10、1和5毫克/升。     

Modeling the spatial dynamics of regional land use: the CLUE-S model

Land-use change models are important tools for integrated environmental management. Through scenario analysis they can help to identify near-future critical locations in the face of environmental change. A dynamic, spatially explicit, land-use change model is presented for the regional scale: CLUE-S. The model is specifically developed for the analysis of land use in small regions (e.g., a watershed or province) at a fine spatial resolution. The model structure is based on systems theory to allow the integrated analysis of land-use change in relation to socio-economic and biophysical driving factors. The model explicitly addresses the hierarchical organization of land use systems, spatial connectivity between locations and stability. Stability is incorporated by a set of variables that define the relative elasticity of the actual land-use type to conversion. The user can specify these settings based on expert knowledge or survey data. Two applications of the model in the Philippines and Malaysia are used to illustrate the functioning of the model and its validation.     

在企业开展有效的职业安全健康管理体系

挪威船级社(Det Norske Veritas,简称DNV)是一个有138年历史的、从事安全管理和安全技术方面的组织。它成立于1864年,最初的目的是在国际贸易中保证挪威船只有足够的安全标准。DNV的目标始终是:保护生命、财产和环境。DNV的活动初期集中海运部分,但随着挪威成为工业化国家,现已扩展到大部分工业部门,特别是国际原油和天然气工业。今天我们的非海运服务占工业总业务的65％,但仍是世界上第四大船级社。     

论地膜污染与防治对策

随着地膜覆盖栽培年限的延长，由于残膜回收率低，土壤中残膜量逐步增加，造成地膜污染。通过分析地膜污染对环境和农作物产生的危害，对回收残膜存在的问题，总结出了防治地膜污染的对策与措施。     

世界标准日祝词

1992年ISO/IEC世界标准日的主题是强调国际标准化在变化着的世界经济秩序中对新老贸易伙伴的重要性。当今,开放市场是新的贸易环境和提高生活水平的命脉。 在区域范围内或世界范围内消除贸易壁垒,都意味着各国之间的贸易关系更加扩大更加广泛。当政治壁垒垮掉时,对成功的贸易来说,技术要求——无论是以前就有的,还是新产生的——都变得更加显著。同时,全球商业需要那些有助于贸易效率的国际标准,这已为越来越多的技术界人士所公认。     

Investigation on the photoreactions of nitrate and nitrite ions with selected azaarenes in water

The photoreactions of selected azaarenes with nitrate and nitrite ions were investigated under irradiation at lambda = 313 nm. The excitation of both anions leads to several photochemical reactions forming mainly hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen oxides. The purification capability of natural waters i.e. the oxidation of inorganic and organic substances results from the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Nitrated isomers of azaarenes were found among the main products of the investigated photoreactions. The nitrogen oxides were responsible for the production of nitrated derivatives which possess a high toxic potential. Their formation was explained by the parallel occurance of two mechanism, a molecular and a radical one. The molecular mechanism became more important with increasing ionisation potentials of the azaarenes. The spectrum of oxidized products corresponded to the one got in the photoreactions of azaarenes with hydrogen peroxide. The formation of several oxidation and nitration products of the pyridine ring with its low electron density was explained by the reaction of excited states of azaarenes. The photoreactions with nitrite ions only led to the formation of oxidized and nitrated products. Nitroso products were not formed. The reactivity of nitrogen monoxide is too low for its reaction with the azaarenes.     

Effect of manganese on the concentration of amino acids in different regions of the rat brain

The present study was designed to determine if chronic exposure of weanlings and adult rats to Mn produces significant alterations in amino acid concentrations in different regions of the rat brain. Weanling (30 day old) and adult (90 day old) male rats were exposed to 10 and 20 mg Mn/kg body weight per day, by gavage, for 30 days. Forty-eight hours after the last dose, animals were sacrificed by decapitation and brains were dissected into different regions to determine the concentration of amino acids by HPLC/EC. A dose dependent decrease in body weight gain was found in the adult, but not in the weanling rats. Significant increases occurred in concentrations of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the cerebellum of the adult rats dosed with 20 mg/kg per day, Mn. A significant decrease in the concentration of glutamine was observed in caudate nucleus and hippocampus of weanling rats dosed with 10 mg/kg, Mn. These data suggest that chronic Mn exposure can produce a decrease in body weight gain in adult rats and alterations in amino acids in different regions of weanling and adult rat brains.     

Adjusting for car occupant injury liability in relation to age, speed limit, and gender-specific driver crash involvement risk

It is well established that older drivers' fragility is an important factor associated with higher levels of fatal crash involvement for older drivers. There has been less research on age-related fragility with respect to the sort of minor injuries that are more common in injury crashes. This study estimates a quantity that is related to injury fragility: the probability that a driver or a passenger of that driver will be injured in crashes involving two cars. The effects of other factors apart from drivers' fragility are included in this measure, including the fragility of the passengers, the crashworthiness of cars driven, seatbelt use by the occupants, and characteristics of crashes (including configuration and impact speed). The car occupant injury liability estimates appropriately includes these factors to adjust risk curves by age, gender, and speed limit accounting for overrepresentation in crashes associated with fragility and these other factors.