Fluoride distibution and the effect of some ions along Alexandria coastal Mediterranean seawater of Egypt

The coastal seawater of Mediterranean of Alexandria receives large amount of discharged waters containing industrial wastes, sewage, and agricultural and domestic drainage. Fluoride and some parameters were(chemical and physical) determined. The data gave indication that the content and the amount of the discharged water largely affect the chemical composition of the coastal water. Stepwise regression analysis was highly significant and the model was very fruitful, where the observed and calculated values were mostly concordant. This may indicated that there was a relation between fluoride content in coastal seawater and its content in the discharged water.     

ACCU采样和PIXE技术用于PM10污染溯源的研究

使用美国RP公司生产的多通道自动采样系统(ACCU)在上海吴淞工业区进行冬季3个月8个不同风向的PM10采样；使用质子激发X荧光发射方法(PIXE)测定颗粒物中18个无机元素浓度．结果发现，8个风向的质量浓度分布取决于不同方位的大气质量状况．将大气颗粒物中的元素浓度作为环境污染指纹，8个方位的无机元素浓度分布与采样点周围的居民住宅、道路交通和工矿企业的排放密切相关，表明该方法能准确地确定排放源的范围和污染来源．研究结果表明，ACCU采样系统和PIXE分析技术的优化组合可为大气污染溯源、治理和改善环境空气质量提供一种快速和准确可靠的新方法．     

草浆造纸中段废水的生物处理动力学

利用静态溶解氧消耗速率（OUR）试验模拟草浆造纸中段废水生物处理的生化反应过程,并运用Lawrence-McCarty模式进行了动力学分析。由OUR试验结果和小试研究结果建立的草浆造纸中段废水好氧生物处理的动力学方程为v=0.72S/(60.43 S）。将该动力学方程预测结果和实际工程的运行数据进行了比较,结果表明,动力学方程的比基质降解速率预测值高于实际工程的计算值,分析原因可能在于：实际工程中中段废水中的纤维素类悬溪物在生物处理装置的积累导致了污泥活性的降低。     

酸雨的大气物理化学机理

1.输送过程中的化学转化对北美洲雨水样品的分析表明:雨水的酸度在很大程度上取决于它的硫酸盐和硝酸盐离子浓度,因此本文将着重讨论这两种污染物的形成过程。虽然,大气中有少量的硫酸盐和硝酸盐是被直接排放出来的,但据认为,降雨中这两种盐类的主要来源是硫氧化物和氮氧化物的进一步氧化。然而在燃油发电厂和炼油厂附近,硫酸盐的直接排放量还是较大的。由上述情况可以看出,了解排放点和接受点之间排     

24、用电化学和紫外检测的高压液相色谱法测定卤代苯胺及有关化合物

卤代苯胺可以从各种渠道包括农药、除莠剂、杀菌剂的代谢作用,工业废料和硝基取代芳香化合物的还原而进入环境中。由于苯胺类化合物有毒所以要求在环境中监测。以前用气相色谱法,需要进行衍生化;而且某些被卤代的代谢物还不能被分离。本文研究的高压液相色谱法可在无衍生化步骤的情况下进行分离,并检测出亚毫微克量的物质。这些化合物是用商品c-18键合相柱分离的,并用价廉的电化学检定器检测至亚毫微克量级。同时还研究了快速但灵敏度很低的紫外线方法。列举了各种化合物的色谱图和灵敏度数据。讨论了电化学检定的应用和限度。     

Effects of air pollutants on the growth and antioxidative system of Norway spruce exposed in open-top chambers

Grafted Norway spruce trees were subjected to exposure beginning in April 1988, to one of four different air treatments in open-top chambers: Charcoal filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), non-filtered air with the addition of O(3) during summer (NFO), and SO(2) plus NO(2) during winter (NFOSN). CF trees were considered as the reference group. No effects on growth parameters were observed. Samples of the two youngest needle year classes were taken late in November 1989 for enzyme determinations. The activity of ascorbic acid peroxidase (A-POD) increased the same level in all treatments, and activities of catalase and dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHA-R) increased only in NF and NFO treatments. A higher level of activity in the NFOSN treatment was observed only for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (Glc-6-P-DH) and non-specific peroxidase (POD). Isoelectric focusing of POD showed a changed pattern in the NFOSN treatment. Neither activity nor isoelectric focusing of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) was changed in any of the treatments.     

Counter-disaster training in developing countries

This paper discusses both the need for training within a wider context of community disaster preparedness and the major alternatives in methods of training. Emphasis is placed on the importance of compatibility between the resources within a given country and appropriate training programmes.     

安全系统设计思路

本文从安全需求开始,系统完整地介绍了安全系统的设计思路,值得设计院、安防工程企业,特别是终端用户在规划和设计安全防范系统时加以借鉴。 设计前的必要准备——安全总揽 在考虑安装安全系统之前,建议用户先作一个安全总揽,这样才能更好地分析自己的需求,真正收到知己知彼的效果。安全总揽中考虑的因素主要包括防止犯罪、风险控制管理、物理安全对策、电子安全对策以及系统维护问题等。 防止犯罪     

如何对幼儿进行环境教育

应该从什么时候开始对儿童进行环境教育——三年级?一年级?还是幼儿园?答案是:更早。实际上,在人生命的最初几年,环境教育就应该以体验的方式进行。这些体验对于塑造孩子将来对自然的态度、价值观念和行为模式扮演着重要的角色。由于儿童是通过在自然中玩耍去了解环境的,教育者     

Evaluation of simplifying assumptions on pesticide degradation in soil

There is evidence that degradation of pesticides in simple laboratory systems may differ from that in the field, but it is not clear which of the simplifications inherent in laboratory studies present serious shortcomings. Laboratory experiments evaluated several simplifying assumptions for a clay loam soil and contrasting pesticides. Degradation of cyanazine [2-(4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-2-methylpropiononitrile] and bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] at fluctuating temperature and moisture was predicted reasonably well based on parameters derived from degradation under constant conditions. There was a tendency for slower degradation of cyanazine and bentazone in soil aggregates of 3 to 5 mm in diameter (DT50 at 15 degrees C and 40% maximum water holding capacity of 25.1 and 58.2 d, where DT50 is the time for 50% decline of the initial pesticide concentration) than in soil sieved to <3 mm (DT50 of 19.1 and 37.6 d), but the differences were not significant for most datasets. Degradation of cyanazine, isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], and chlorotoluron [3-(3-chloro-p-tolyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] was measured in soil amended with different amounts of lignin. The effect of lignin on degradation was small despite considerable differences in sorption. The DT50 values of cyanazine, isoproturon, and chlorotoluron were 16.2, 18.6, and 33.0 d, respectively, in soil without lignin and 19.0, 23.4, and 34.6 d, respectively, in soil amended with 2% lignin. Degradation of bentazone and cyanazine in repacked soil columns was similar under static and flow conditions with 50.1 and 47.2% of applied bentazone and 74.7 and 73.6% of applied cyanazine, respectively, degraded within 20 d of application. Thus, the assumptions underpinning laboratory to field extrapolation tested here were considered to hold for our experimental system. Additional work is required before general conclusions can be drawn.