华北地区空气质量空间分布特征及成因研究

以2015年华北地区71个主要城市的AQI监测数据为基础,通过交叉验证评估不同空间插值方法,选择克里金指数模型生成华北地区的AQI栅格数据;然后分析区域AQI的时空分布特征,并重点讨论了降水、风向、风速及地形对AQI的影响;最后利用逐步回归分析法,找出对AQI产生较大影响的社会经济因子,并结合ESDA方法和空间回归模型对AQI及社会经济因子进行空间相关性分析.结果表明:AQI的几种插值方法中以克里金指数插值法精度整体最优;AQI有明显的季节性变化,冬季AQI明显高于夏季;华北地区整体污染较重,最严重的区域集中在河北南部、河南北部和山东西部;降水、风和地形与AQI关系密切,当降水量大于10 mm时,对AQI具有显著的抑制作用;AQI与风速呈显著负相关,风速对不同污染物的影响强度具有明显的季节差异,冬季偏北风向是造成空气污染南移和扩散的主要原因;太行山脉和燕山山脉阻塞污染物向西和向北扩散,导致华北平原的东南部地区污染加重;社会经济因子中,工业对AQI的影响最大,其他依次为民用汽车保有量、人口密度、森林覆盖率.     

走进高黎贡山:绿色希望行动的另一种探索

绿色希望行动项目迄今已12个年头了,志愿者的足迹遍及26个省市自治区400多所农村小学,对推动农村学校环境教育,乃至课程改革和素质教育都起到了功不可没的作用。     

豆腐王之死（小小说）

豆腐王之死（小小说）张福华“豆腐王”是他的绰号。那时，我在职工食堂工作，卖豆腐的一天来好几家，家家都说好，只好都留点。结果，留来留去，倒是瘦小的跌脚老头的豆腐越留越多，直至他成为我们的固定户。其实，他姓武，起初，人们以他的形象及行业，戏称他为“武大郎...     

工业废水水质对微气泡臭氧化深度处理影响

采用微气泡臭氧化深度处理实际制药废水和制革废水,比较处理性能并分析废水水质对处理性能的影响.结果表明,微气泡臭氧化可有效氧化降解实际制药废水和制革废水中主要有机污染物并去除COD,其深度处理COD去除量与臭氧消耗量之比分别为0.77和1.02,同时明显提高可生化性并降低生物毒性.废水中有机污染物类型影响微气泡臭氧化处理性能,制药废水中存在较多难降解复杂芳香族有机污染物,臭氧化降解难度较大,因而微气泡臭氧化深度处理制药废水性能不及制革废水.废水中无机阴离子不利于臭氧气液传质和分解以及·OH产生,进而影响微气泡臭氧化反应效率以及可生化性改善,降低阴离子浓度有助于提高微气泡臭氧化处理性能.     

增强全民减灾意识的思考

本文首先分析近几十年来全民减灾意识淡化的原因,然后着重提出了增强全民减灾意识的对策建议。     

长三角地区城乡融合发展水平、演化及影响因素

在城乡发展差距日益扩大的背景下,以长三角地区作为研究案例,运用熵值法计算长三角地区2008—2018年城乡融合发展指数,并利用地理探测器模型分析城乡融合水平的主要影响因素及其演变特征。结果表明：长三角地区城乡融合发展水平呈现出“高低高”结构向“Σ”转变的空间演变特征,空间融合发展水平和社会融合发展水平的高值区大致呈现出“Σ”的空间分布特征,经济融合发展水平呈现出“高低高”的圈层结构特征,生活融合发展水平大致呈现出西高东低的空间分布格局;从地理探测器模型结果来看,经济发展水平、产业高级化、财政支农支出比例、财政分权有助于城乡融合的发展,经济发展的速度、产业结构偏离、城乡基本建设支出比例不利于城乡融合的发展;从时间变化上看,政府力量在逐步减弱,市场力量在逐渐增强。     

河南省近地表O3污染特征及其与气象因素之间的关系

Meteorological factors have an important influence on ozone (O₃) concentration. In order to explore the characteristics and causes of near-surface O₃ pollution in Henan Province, based on the datasets of ambient air quality monitoring stations and national basic ground climate stations in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020, this study examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of O₃ pollution in Henan Province and the relationship between O₃ and precursors and meteorological factors, and the potential sources of O₃ in Henan Province were also explored. The results showed that: (1) In terms of temporal characteristics, the annual average O₃ concentration of the maximum daily 8 h average (O₃-8 h) in Henan Province generally decreased from 2014 to 2020, showing an ‘M’ type temporal evolution. For seasonality of O₃-8 h concentration, it was highest in summer and decreased sequentially in spring, autumn, and winter, while both O₃-8 h concentration and the number of days exceeding the standard peaked in June. In terms of spatial characteristics, the O₃ concentration was generally lower in northern than in southern China, and lower in western than in eastern China. The areas with high concentrations were concentrated in southern Henan Province. (2) The O₃-8 h concentration was significantly negatively correlated with the precursor NO₂ and CO concentrations. (3) From the perspective of meteorological factors, O₃-8 h concentration was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity, indicating that high temperature (≥26 ℃) and low humidity (≤40%) were favorable for the increasing of O₃-8 h concentration. Affected by the prevailing northerly winds in autumn and winter, the O₃-8 h concentration in Henan Province showed a spatial pattern of low values in the north and high values in the south in autumn and winter, and the prevailing southerly wind in summer was conducive to the formation and maintenance of O₃ in Henan Province. (4) In the summer of 2019, the main source areas of O₃ and precursors increased gradually and changed from both inside and outside the province to mainly outside the province. Affected by the boundary cities and topographic conditions, O₃ in Henan Province accumulated locally in summer. The study shows that the near-surface O₃ pollution in Henan Province has significant spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, the pollution degree is generally reduced. The precursors of O₃ and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind) have significant effects on O₃, and O₃ transport paths and potential sources change with time in summer.      

强化目标考核 推动责任落实

目标考核是推进依法治安、强化责任落实的重要措施,也是总结经验、分析不足,推动新一年工作的有效手段。完成好年度考核这份“年终大考”,兑现好年初责任书、任务书确定的承诺,做到善始善终,是各级党委和政府。特别是全省安全监管监察系统履职尽责的内在要求,更是为明年工作谋篇布局的重要举措,具有重要意义。