韩国西海岸地区停车场径流携带沉积物的粒径分布及污染特征研究

为了解沿海地区城市停车场内径流携带沉积物的粒径分布及污染特征,于2011年4—6月在韩国西海岸12个不同停车场采集了沉积物样品,分别分析了其粒径分布和各粒径中污染物质的含量.结果表明,不同采样点的废弃物形态差异较大,主要表现在较大的植物茎叶、烟蒂及动物粪便等废弃物和含水率等方面.不同采样点的颗粒物粒径大小不同,其颗粒物的均一性也有所差异.总体来讲,106～500μm之间的颗粒物是径流携带沉积物的主要组成部分,其平均质量分数占总体(<2360μm)颗粒物的59.9%.对不同粒径中污染物质的含量分析得出,颗粒物中污染物质的含量随粒径增大而减小.其中,<106μm的颗粒物中总氮、总磷、COD和挥发性物质的质量分别占各污染物总量的18.9%、17.8%、20.41%和18.9%,而该部分颗粒物本身的平均质量分数只有3.9%.可见<106μm的颗粒物处于高度污染状态.因此,在城市停车场面源污染管理中,应该对该部分高度污染的颗粒物给以足够的重视.对于不同污染特征的颗粒物应该采用不同的去除方法.     

金属矿物学中光性数据的测定和应用

<正> 现今人们理解定量矿相学的意义是,用光学方法在反射光下精确测定那些对矿物鉴定来说十分重要的数据。这就是反射率、显微硬度和色度以及折射率(n),吸收系数(k)和吸收指数(x)。 反射率的测定可以追溯到Orcel(1937)时代,他第一次用光电池方法测定金属矿物的反射率。这一     

空气阴极微生物燃料电池的构型优化及其快速测定BOD的性能评价

设计了一种新型双室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)并将其作为生物传感器,与传统双室空气阴极MFC进行对比,考察其电化学性能及用于快速检测BOD的性能。结果表明：新型空气阴极MFC可有效提高功率密度并降低内阻,其功率密度最高为897 mW·m⁻²,而内阻最低为92 Ω;该MFC可用于直接快速检测高浓度有机物的BOD,对醋酸钠底物的线性检测限为1 280 mg·L⁻¹,在此底物浓度下MFC的检测时间为31.2~66 h,线性可决系数R²为0.97~0.99;对于GGA底物的线性检测限为1 250 mg·L⁻¹,在此底物浓度下MFC的检测时间为33~67 h,线性可决系数R²为0.98。本研究可为MFC型BOD检测传感器的性能优化提供参考。     

A metal-free composite photocatalyst of graphene quantum dots deposited on red phosphorus

A simple approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of red phosphorus(P) was developed.A mechanical ball milling method was applied to reduce the size of red P and to deposit graphene quantum dots onto red P. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of rhodamine B.     

Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials induced pulmonary surfactant inhibition, cytotoxicity, inflammation and lung fibrosis

Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.     

单点系泊系统在役钢缆安全评价研究探索

浮式生产系统（FPSO）多采用单点系泊系统固定在规定海域．系泊系统的系泊锚腿一般为组合式系泊锚缆．系泊钢缆是易损构件,在日常使用中经常会发生断丝和磨损现象．针对铜缆的这些损坏．依据水下无损检测的定量结果．评估剩余强度．分析系泊铜缆受力分布情况和极限张力．进行科学合理的安全评价．为系泊系统完整性和FPS0安全生产管理提供合理化建议,     

海上移动式平台安全信息预警与保护装置研制

介绍了一种基于海洋移动式平台应用的安全信息预警与保护装置的研制,实现具有移动式平台海上安全信息采集、记录、预警、保护及再现等功能。     

工业和信息化部等三部委关于推动铸造和锻压行业高质量发展的指导意见

<正>工信部联通装[2023]40号各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化主管部门、发展改革委、生态环境厅（局）：铸造和锻压是装备制造业不可或缺的工艺环节,是众多主机产品和高端装备创新发展的重要支撑和基础保障,关乎装备制造业产业链供应链安全稳定。为更好推动铸造和锻压行业高质量发展,持续提升对装备制造业的支撑和保障作用,现提出如下意见。一、总体要求（一）指导思想以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届一中、二中全会精神,坚持有效市场和有为政府更好结合,以推动铸造和锻压行业高质量发展为主题,以保障装备制造业产业链供应链安全稳定为根本,着力提高铸造和锻压行业自主创新能力,引导行业规范发展,促进生产方式绿色化智能化变革,提升行业质量效率,全面增强产业链竞争力,为加快推进新型工业化、建设制造强国提供坚实支撑。     

Paper-based aqueous Al ion battery with water-in-salt electrolyte

Low-cost, flexible and safe battery technology is the key to the widespread usage of wearable electronics, among which the aqueous Al ion battery with water-in-salt electrolyte is a promising candidate. In this work, a flexible aqueous Al ion battery is developed using cellulose paper as substrate. The water-in-salt electrolyte is stored inside the paper, while the electrodes are either printed or attached on the paper surface,leading to a lightweight and thin-film battery prototype. Currently, ...     

一种基于事故后果的重大危险源安全规划方法

介绍了一种基于事故后果的重大危险源安全规划方法。该方法详细阐述了“最坏”事故情景选择、事故后果阈值确定及后果伤害范围划分的方法,以危险源周边人群作为主要脆弱性目标,通过分析事故后果伤害范围和目标的脆弱性级别确定危险源与周边环境的兼容性。另外,以危险品仓储区为例,利用该方法对仓储区可能发生的事故后果影响范围进行计算,对仓储区选址的可行性进行分析。本文提出的重大危险源安全规划方法可为城市土地使用及危险源的安全规划提供参考。