气相色谱-离子阱-多级质谱法测定土壤中14种有机氯农药

有机氯农药（Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs）是一类重要的难降解有机污染物,对土壤中这类农药的监测和研究非常必要,但土壤中有机氯农药残留前处理方法大多步骤繁琐,耗时耗溶剂,土壤样品的前处理远比液体和蔬菜等样品复杂,且在很大程度上样品的前处理决定着分析结果的准确性和可靠性.     

抗生素在土壤中的归趋及不可提取态残留

抗生素是近年来备受关注的一种新兴环境污染物,进入环境后会被降解或残留在环境介质和环境生物体内.在土壤中形成不可提取态残留(NERs)是抗生素重要的环境归趋,然而有关土壤中抗生素NERs形成机理和环境风险的研究尚处于起步阶段.NERs的形成能在一定程度上降低抗生素的环境危害,但当土壤环境条件改变时NERs仍有重新释放的潜...     

宁夏电力信息运维综合监管系统深化

针对宁夏电力公司信息运维综合监管系统应用的实际,对现有系统在使用中的新需求进行分析和研究,进一步完善系统结构和功能,使系统操作更加方便、实用。改进结果表明:信息系统各项业务监控更加全面,信息运维工作管理更加规范和标准,有效保障了公司信息基础设施的安全、连续、可靠运行。     

月球的铌金红石

在阿波罗12的12070,35号样品的显微角砾岩碎屑内发现了一粒与钛铁矿连生的并含有Nb_2O_5 6.4％,Cr_2O_3 3.2％及Ta_2O_5,V_2O_3,Ce_2O_3和La_2O_3各少于1％的金红石。其所含的成分在月球和地球的金红石中是独特的,因此它是月球岩石相月壤中迄今查明的第一个富铌矿物。 这个包在钛铁矿内部的透明非均质的黄褐色-黄色颗粒在显微角砾岩薄片中,被鉴定为铌金红石。它以单个晶体出现,直径约为60μ。其光性为一轴晶(+),多色性N_o=黄褐色-黄色,N_e=橄榄绿,两个折光率均高于2.10。 X射线衍射线谱表明为正方金红石晶格。单位晶     

COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收再利用研究

COD_(Cr)分析中使用的硫酸银属于重金属溶液,若直接排入下水道,对环境影响较大,而且也是对贵重金属的浪费。文章对COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收进行了实验研究,将废金属银回收,配制成硫酸银溶液回用于实验中,与购买的硫酸银溶液相比,误差在可接受范围内。     

Spatiotemporal patterns and other impacting factors on wheat production of Tibet,China北大核心CSCD

Wheat is the second-largest food crop in Tibet, China. Along with economic development, the pattern of wheat production in Tibet has changed dramatically, potentially affecting the balance of grain supply and demand, as well as food security. A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and other factors affecting wheat production can provide a necessary basis for the scientific management and efficient production of wheat. Based on the wheat yield from 1990 to 2020 in 74 county-level units of Tibet, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal change patterns of Tibetan wheat production and its impacting factors using the Gini coefficient, center of gravity move method, advantage index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and geographically weighted regression model (GWR). Results showed that: (1) the total wheat production in Tibet rose from 1990 to 1999, fluctuated, and then decreased from 1999 to 2020. The production areas are mainly concentrated in the southern Tibetan Valley and counties in the Three Rivers region of eastern Tibet. (2) The spatial distribution and agglomeration pattern of wheat in Tibet is relatively stable, and the production center shows a slight fluctuation trend from west to east during the 1990-2020 time period. (3) Based on the comprehensive advantage index (CAI), Tibet’s wheat production in advantaged areas, slightly advantaged areas, slightly disadvantaged areas, and disadvantaged areas accounted for 13.5%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 40.5% of the total production, respectively; indicating that the regional distribution of CAI exhibits spatial agglomeration rather than sporadic distribution. The patterns are HH (high-high), LH (low-high), and random; 29 hot spots are mainly distributed in Lhasa, Shannan, and Nyingchi, while the cold spots are mainly distributed in Xigazê and Ngari; and (4) the impacting factors on Tibet’s wheat production mainly include effective irrigation areas and agricultural mechanization level as positive factors, and regional gross agricultural product as the main negative factor. In addition, rainfall, other grain output, livestock inventory at the end of the year, and the number of non-primary industries also have an impact on wheat production. Wheat planting area in Tibet has been declining in recent years, thus exhibiting a significant pattern of spatial agglomeration. The three dominant factors affecting the emerging spatiotemporal pattern of wheat production in Tibet are the irrigation condition, mechanization, and local economic development levels. Based on the above conclusions, the study suggests building a high-yield wheat area consistent with local conditions by strictly protecting arable land, improving irrigation conditions, and increasing machinery investment. Depending on the counties of high-yield areas, Tibetan farmers and herders should cultivate the bases of wheat production and build a wheat base for local wheat consumption. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

压缩天然气技术的应用现状及进展

压缩天然气(CNG)是专用于汽车替代汽油的燃料。随着中国政府对环境保护工作的重视和能源结构战略的调整,与世界上其他国家一样,CNG技术在中国也得到快速发展及推广应用。对CNG技术在国内的发展及应用现状进行了分析,论述了压缩天然气替代汽油后每年在环境和经济方面所产生的效益。指出了存在的问题并提出了相应的解决办法。     

硫酸盐还原菌对杀菌剂的敏感性研究

江汉油田硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)引起的金属管壁腐蚀和油层堵塞问题一直没有得到彻底解决。不同种群的SRB对同种杀菌剂的敏感程度是不同的。游离SRB和固着型SRB对几种常用杀茵剂的敏感性实验结果表明:除了ME以外,其余几种杀菌剂杀灭培养液中SRB的能力和杀灭固着型SRB的能力由大到小的排序是:BQ-3,WE,BQ-2,BQ-1,1227,BH。ME杀灭培养液中SRB的能力好于前六种杀菌剂,但是其杀灭固着型SRB的能力低于BQ-1。使用同种杀菌剂时,固着型SRB比游离型SRB的杀死难度更大。     

通风对综合管廊内电缆燃烧及火蔓延过程影响的数值模拟研究

综合管廊内电缆的火灾燃烧特性一直被国内外学者所关注,然而目前关于通风对电缆燃烧及火蔓延过程影响的研究相对较少。在通风系统的作用下,电缆内部及外部温度分布、热解气体浓度与无通风情况相比有很大的差异,电缆的燃烧及火蔓延过程将会更为复杂。为了研究通风作用下综合管廊内单根电缆的燃烧过程,采用FDS对15 kV交联聚乙烯绝缘铜芯电缆的火蔓延过程开展了数值模拟。通过分析不同风速条件下的电缆火焰形态、各层材料温度、火蔓延长度和热释放速率(HRR)曲线,详细研究了通风速度对综合管廊内单根电缆燃烧及火蔓延过程的影响。结果表明当通风速度不超过2 m/s时,通风能够促进电缆燃烧,电缆表面存在气相火焰,其火蔓延长度、热释放速率峰值等不断增加,此时综合管廊内火灾危险性不断增大;当风速大于等于3 m/s时,通风抑制了电缆燃烧,电缆的火蔓延长度、热释放速率峰值随之迅速降低,电缆PVC层、XLPE层温升的原因是线芯对绝缘材料的热传导,电缆的火灾危险性也随之减小。     

管廊内电缆内热源燃烧过程数值模拟研究

为预防综合管廊局部空间内部电缆火灾事故的发生,运用火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS)三维传热和热解模型,对15 kV铜芯电缆着火过程建模分析,分析不同条件下电缆温度分布、热解气体分布以及热释放速率(HRR)曲线,以及热源功率大小和持续时间对电缆燃烧过程的影响。结果表明：随着热源功率的增加,电缆着火时间缩短,火灾危险性增加;HRR峰值和最大火蔓延长度(FSL)随着热源功率的增加呈线性增长;及时阻断热源功率可有效预防火灾的发生;热源功率消失后的火焰残留时间随着热源功率持续时间的增加整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势。