Spatiotemporal patterns and other impacting factors on wheat production of Tibet,China北大核心CSCD

Wheat is the second-largest food crop in Tibet, China. Along with economic development, the pattern of wheat production in Tibet has changed dramatically, potentially affecting the balance of grain supply and demand, as well as food security. A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and other factors affecting wheat production can provide a necessary basis for the scientific management and efficient production of wheat. Based on the wheat yield from 1990 to 2020 in 74 county-level units of Tibet, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal change patterns of Tibetan wheat production and its impacting factors using the Gini coefficient, center of gravity move method, advantage index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and geographically weighted regression model (GWR). Results showed that: (1) the total wheat production in Tibet rose from 1990 to 1999, fluctuated, and then decreased from 1999 to 2020. The production areas are mainly concentrated in the southern Tibetan Valley and counties in the Three Rivers region of eastern Tibet. (2) The spatial distribution and agglomeration pattern of wheat in Tibet is relatively stable, and the production center shows a slight fluctuation trend from west to east during the 1990-2020 time period. (3) Based on the comprehensive advantage index (CAI), Tibet’s wheat production in advantaged areas, slightly advantaged areas, slightly disadvantaged areas, and disadvantaged areas accounted for 13.5%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 40.5% of the total production, respectively; indicating that the regional distribution of CAI exhibits spatial agglomeration rather than sporadic distribution. The patterns are HH (high-high), LH (low-high), and random; 29 hot spots are mainly distributed in Lhasa, Shannan, and Nyingchi, while the cold spots are mainly distributed in Xigazê and Ngari; and (4) the impacting factors on Tibet’s wheat production mainly include effective irrigation areas and agricultural mechanization level as positive factors, and regional gross agricultural product as the main negative factor. In addition, rainfall, other grain output, livestock inventory at the end of the year, and the number of non-primary industries also have an impact on wheat production. Wheat planting area in Tibet has been declining in recent years, thus exhibiting a significant pattern of spatial agglomeration. The three dominant factors affecting the emerging spatiotemporal pattern of wheat production in Tibet are the irrigation condition, mechanization, and local economic development levels. Based on the above conclusions, the study suggests building a high-yield wheat area consistent with local conditions by strictly protecting arable land, improving irrigation conditions, and increasing machinery investment. Depending on the counties of high-yield areas, Tibetan farmers and herders should cultivate the bases of wheat production and build a wheat base for local wheat consumption. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

狐王的恐怖报复

我的朋友、忘年交陈向东经常给我讲述他的经历,有一次他的讲述简直把我震住了,立刻记录下来。当年他们在大草原上过度放牧,与土生土长的草狐群发生严重冲突,到了势不两立的地步。最终,他们发动了一场规模空前、无与伦比的火攻战,把全部草狐群赶出老巢,肆无忌惮地屠杀,几乎全部消灭!陈向东盯住“狐王”,猛打猛杀,却遭到了它离奇致命的攻击,那一幕幕无法想象,难以置信,令他不堪回首……     

梓叶槭的种群结构和群落特征

梓叶槭(Acer catalpifolium Rehd.)是分布狭窄的极小种群野生植物.为充分了解梓叶槭分布地种群现状和未来发展趋势以促进种群保护,对其5个分布点——财神庙(CSM)、般若寺(BRS)、张山村(ZSC)、伏虎寺(FHS)、报国寺(BGS)——进行群落调查,研究其种群结构及其生存群落的物种构成和群落特征.结果表明,梓叶槭主要分布于常绿阔叶-落叶阔叶混交林中,不同样地的梓叶槭群落层次,即乔木层、灌木层以及草本层分别有伴生植物52种、74种和52种.从梓叶槭的多度分配比例来看,BRS样地最大,为26.04%,随后依次是FHS、ZSC、BGS和CSM.梓叶槭生存群落内,FHS、BRS、BGS和CSM样地的物种多样性指数均较高,但ZSC相对较低;在种群年龄结构的调查中发现,梓叶槭幼苗及幼树等级分布出现残缺,种群自然更新困难.综上所述,梓叶槭生存群落内,不同生长层优势种占有较大的环境资源,是影响梓叶槭种子萌发、幼苗幼树生长和种群发展的主要障碍;本研究结果可为梓叶槭种群回归与复壮提供一定理论依据.     

水基钻井废泥浆及钻屑制备多孔吸附滤料工艺研究

介绍了水基钻井废泥浆制备多孔吸附滤料的资源化利用工艺,主要涉及废泥浆的脱稳控水优化工艺研究,水基钻井废泥浆及钻屑热烘、粉碎工艺研究,多孔材料制备优化工艺配方研究等方面,得到制备多孔吸附滤料的优化配方及工艺。     

北方寒冷地区SBR设计参数的修正及其探讨

在城市污水处理系统中,通常的SBR工艺设计参数多适用于常温的环境即15～30℃。而我国北方寒冷地区,冬季水温一般在6～10℃,如果仍按照常规参数进行工程设计,在一定程度上不能满足北方城市污水处理系统的实际情况,出水水质很难达到排放要求。因此,应把温度参数与反应动力学联系起来,通过试验和工程实例对SBR的常规设计参数进行低温下的修正,以适应北方寒冷地区的城市污水处理厂的设计要求。     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定油田废水中氨氮的改进

文章对气相分子吸收光谱法测定氨氮的国标推荐方法 HJ/T 195—2005《水质氨氮的测定气相分子吸收光谱法》进行了改进实验,提出用氨氮标准使用液绘制标准曲线更客观,验证了国标方法改进后的准确度和精密度(相对标准偏差为0.61%)满足实验室质控要求;通过对氨氮传统人工监测方法纳氏试剂法和气相分子吸收光谱法的比较,认为气相分子吸收光谱法适用于油田废水氨氮的测定。     

土壤及场地持久性有机污染的生物修复技术发展及应用

以土壤及场地持久性有机污染物为对象,较为系统地综合评述了国内外污染土壤及场地的生物修复技术发展与应用,并结合当前土壤及场地污染的新特点,提出了生物修复的发展趋势和研究方向.     

鄱阳湖区域地下水有机污染物特征与风险评价

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖及重要生态经济区,选取鄱阳湖东南部地下水有机物进行检测分析并对其进行风险评价。结果表明:定性共鉴定出4类32种有机物;检出率超过50%的有机物共10种,其中80%的有机物检出率达到了100%;定量出的有机物中邻二甲苯质量浓度平均值最高,为2.33μg·L~(-1),滴滴涕的质量浓度平均值最低,为0.02μg·L~(-1),暗示研究区地下水已受到了有机物的污染。健康风险评价表明,研究区地下水中的有机物不会对人体健康产生致癌与非致癌风险;但有机物具有长期残留性及慢性毒性等特征,探究鄱阳湖区域地下水有机物的污染源及有机物的降解工作仍需进行。     

PRB技术修复地下水硝酸盐污染研究进展

针对地下水中硝酸盐污染,可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术是一种高效、低能耗的修复手段。阐述了PRB原理、结构及不同介质去除地下水中硝酸盐的反应机理,介绍了不同反硝化微生物、新型碳源材料等研究进展,分析对比了Fe^0/AC体系及生物修复过程,指出了各修复手段的不足和研究方向,并提出了现有PRB技术去除硝酸盐存在的问题及展望。     

两种酶底物法监测水中(粪)大肠菌群商品化制品的比较

比较了进口colilert试剂和国产colitech试剂及其各自配套制品对水中(粪)大肠菌群的检测,包括总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群。分别使用同为酶底物法的两种制品检测地表水、地下水、水源水、生活饮用水及污水水样,比较了两种制品用于水中(粪)大肠菌群检测结果的一致性,同时验证了两种制品的无菌性和培养基的选择性。试验结果表明,进口colilert试剂和国产colitech试剂及其各自配套制品于水中(粪)大肠菌群检测结果具有一致性,培养基具有很好的选择性。