复合酶生物促进剂在底泥生物修复中的应用

通过测定河道底泥中微生物的生化呼吸线来表征复合酶生物促进剂对河道自净过程的影响。研究结果表明复合酶生物促进剂对微生物具有激活作用,使微生物的累积耗氧量明显增加,有效地提升了水体的自净能力。复合酶生物促进剂能够有效地修复受萘污染的底泥,修复后底泥中多环芳烃萘的释放量和有机质的含量均明显低于对照样,并可显著降低底泥对上覆水...     

The Control of Fine Particulates for Coal- fired Boiler

燃煤锅炉排放的微细颗粒物是形成灰霾天气的主要原因之一,也会严重损害生物及人体健康.强化型湿式电除尘器可完全适应燃煤锅炉脱硫后烟气的特点,结合了传统电除尘技术、荷电液滴除尘技术和电凝并除尘技术,可高效率脱除燃煤烟气中微细颗粒物,具有极高的推广应用价值.     

微电网电压分层控制与补偿机制研究

微电网技术具有许多优点,然而微电网中的分布式电源自身的不稳定性会导致微电网的运行控制困难,特别是公共连接点处会出现电压不平衡。为了补偿此不平衡电压,提出了分层控制方法。该方法将电网运行控制分为.上下2层,由.上层控制发送控制信号,并由下层控制来实施,此控制信号与正序电压分量和负序电压分量有关;在dq旋转坐标下,依靠同步坐标系锁相环( SRF-PLL)和解耦的双同步坐标系锁相环(DDSRF-PLL)等并网同步技术将微电网同步地接入电网,并通过控制逆变器得到电压幅值。仿真结果表明:分层控制方法能够较好地实现对微电网的控制。     

Batch-test study on the dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in contaminated aquifer material by zero-valent iron

Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are common groundwater contaminants. One possible remediation option is in-situ reductive dechlorination by zero-valent iron, either by direct injection or as reactive barriers. Chlorinated ethenes (tetrachloroethene: PCE; trichloroethene: TCE) have received extensive attention in this context. However, another common groundwater pollutant, 1,1,1-trichlorethane (TCA), has attracted much less attention. We studied TCA reduction by three types of granular zero-valent irons in a series of batch experiments using polluted groundwater, with and without added aquifer material. Two types of iron were able to reduce TCA completely with no daughter product concentration increases (1,1-dichloroethane: DCA; chloroethane: CA). One type of iron showed slower reduction, with intermediate rise of DCA and CA concentrations. When evaluating the formation of daughter products, the tests on the groundwater alone showed different results than the groundwater plus aquifer batches: DCA did not temporarily accumulate in the batches with added aquifer material, contrary to the batches without added aquifer material. 1,1-dichloroethene (DCE, also present in the groundwater as an abiotic degradation product of TCA) was also reduced slower in the batches without added aquifer material than in the batches with aquifer material. Redox potentials gradually decreased to low values in batches with aquifer material without iron, while the batches with groundwater alone maintained a constant higher redox potential. Either adsorption processes or microbiological activity in the samples could explain these phenomena. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR: a targeted gene probe technique) for chlorinated aliphatic compound (CAH)-degrading bacteria confirmed the presence of Dehalococcoides sp. (chloroethene-degraders) but was negative for Desulfobacterium autotrophicum (a known co-metabolic TCA degrader). DCA reduction was rate determining: first-order half-lives of 300-350 h were observed. TCA was fully removed within hours. CA is resistant to reduction by zero-valent iron but it is known to hydrolyze easily. Since CA did not accumulate in our batches, it may have disappeared by the latter mechanism or it may not have formed as a major daughter product.     

水稻流入施肥法及流入肥料效果研究

进行了流入施肥法可行性，流入肥肥效及替代进口肥料试验。结果表明：流入施肥法与人工撒施，均能使肥料在田间分布均匀，流入施肥法比人工撒施增产3．4％，流入施肥法是可行的，日本流入肥和国产复合肥流入施肥田间3－4d后，在田间分布都较均匀，水稻追施分蘖肥和穗肥时水的温度都在30℃左右，两种肥料的溶解度比较大，易配成溶液，适合作流以施用，日本流入肥和中国复合肥对水稻的增产效果相差不大，可用国产复合肥料替代进口肥料；吸附试验表明，施肥5d后，流入肥料和其它氮素肥料中氮素的吸附率达82．5％－89．3％，流入施肥后5d内不要排水。流入施肥法适合土地平整，田块较大，灌溉条件好，人多地少或农业人口老龄化和血吸虫疫区等平原湖区稻田。     

不同药物防疫程序对三黄鸡育雏效果的比较研究

采取3个不同药物防疫程序对2 100羽三黄鸡进行了为期8周的育雏试验,其成活率均在96%以上,其中试验2组效果最好,成活率达98.42%,此预防程序可在实际生产中应用。     

脂肽生物表面活性剂作用下多菌种石油生物降解影响因素优化

探索多种菌种降解石油过程中菌种和脂肽生物表面活性剂的作用,筛选石油降解的主要影响因素及最佳组合,并为石油污染物的降解机理研究和石油污染修复提供指导。基于正交实验筛选主要影响因素,采用Box-Behnken实验探讨各因素最佳水平。正交实验中脂肽生物表面活性剂是多菌种降解石油过程中最主要的影响因素,在Box-Behnken实验中,其能显著地影响石油降解率。菌种降解能力是石油饱和烃组分生物降解的最主要影响因素,但脂肽生物表面活性剂是芳烃、胶质和沥青质组分降解的最主要的影响因素。研究所用菌种中,解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）和假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）在石油降解过程最重要,是本实验的石油降解最优菌。菌种和脂肽生物表面活性剂的添加浓度配比对于石油降解具有重要的影响。解淀粉芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌添加量5%,脂肽生物表面活性剂粗品添加量200 mg·L-1的降解效果最优,理论上,最高降解率可达63.78%,验证降解率达到了53.89%,相对于多菌种正交实验最高降解率提高了5.54%。利用正交实验和Box-Behnken实验筛选最优降解菌和最优菌种组合的方法,具有分析因素多、实验量少等优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

氨基酸对中华绒螯蟹N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

研究了12种氨基酸对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响.结果表明,在特定浓度范围内,甘氨酸(L-Gly)、缬氨酸(L-Val)、丙氨酸(L-Ala)、苯丙氨酸(L-Phe)、苏氨酸(L-Thr)和丝氨酸(L-Ser)对酶活力没有显著影响,而蛋氨酸(L-Met)、天冬酰胺(L-Gln)、脯氨酸(L-Pro)、精氨酸(L-Arg)、组氨酸(L-His)和赖氨酸(L-Lys)对酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用.L-Pro、L-Arg和L-Lys使酶活力下降50%时抑制剂浓度(IC50)分别为450、20、85 mmolL-1.L-Pro对酶的抑制表现为可逆非竞争性类型,对酶的抑制常数K1为702.87 mmol L-1.L-Arg、L-His和L-Lys对酶的抑制均表现为可逆反竞争性类型,对酶的抑制常数K1S分别为2.19、85.81、10.23 mmol L-1.图9参10     

纳米Zn/Al-水滑石对Hela细胞的氧化应激效应

为初步探讨纳米Zn/Al-水滑石对Hela细胞的氧化应激效应,采用不同浓度的纳米Zn/Al-水滑石悬液(0、50、100、200、400、800μg·mL-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,12h后检测Hela细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量.结果表明,随着纳米Zn/Al-水滑石染毒浓度的升高,Hela细胞SOD活性逐渐降低,较低浓度组(≤100μg·mL-1)与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),较高浓度组(≥200μg·mL-1)与对照组存在显著性差异(p<0.01);随着纳米Zn/Al-水滑石染毒浓度的升高,Hela细胞GSH含量也逐渐降低,较低浓度组(≤50μg·mL-1)与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),较高浓度组(≥100μg·mL-1)与对照组存在显著性差异(p<0.05或p<0.01);在实验浓度下,Hela细胞SOD活性和GSH含量与纳米Zn/Al-水滑石染毒浓度呈明显的剂量-效应关系.以上结果提示,较高浓度的纳米Zn/Al-水滑石对Hela细胞可产生一定的氧化应激效应,较低浓度的纳米Zn/Al-水滑石则具有一定的生物相容性.