What factors control soil profile nitrogen storage?

Factors influencing soil profile nitrogen storage (SPNS) in GB have been investigated. The SPNS values of moorland peats and podzols in the South Pennines, of permanent grassland in Yorkshire, and of adjacent arable-, semi-permanent grassland- and ancient woodland-soils in Worcestershire have been compared to assess land use effects. The soils exhibited similar SPNS values, because changes in bulk density and organic matter composition offset increases in N concentrations in highly organic soils. Data from the Soil Survey of Scotland were used to show effects of soil parent material on SPNS were also small. Data on Scottish podzol soils under heather moorland and derived from sandstone or quartzite were used to show that SPNS declined with increasing precipitation, but increased with the amount of pollutant N deposited from the atmosphere.     

天然气燃烧对厨房空气质量的影响

为了解北京市天然气燃烧烟气对厨房空气质量的综合影响,随机选取北京市城区194户家庭厨房作为研究场所,对天然气燃烧后厨房空气中的二氧化碳、一氧化碳和氮氧化物进行监测,分析了天然气燃烧对厨房空气质量的影响状况.同时,针对通风条件、季节差异等因素对空气质量的影响进行了研究.     

Modeling obsolete computer stock under regional data constraints: An Atlanta case study

In this paper, we report on our efforts to develop a research framework that can be used to quantify waste flows for different geographical areas in the face of limited waste data availability. We demonstrate this framework in our case study of obsolete computers in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We develop computer obsolescence rates at the national metropolitan level, and couple this data with economic information at the census tract level to generate product inventory estimates (PIE) of the stock of obsolete computers from both business and household sectors in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We seek to improve the accuracy of waste flow estimates for specific geographic areas over those of previous studies, provide an easily replicable and cost effective methodology, highlight the ensuing spatial implications for collection and recycling systems using GIS, and demonstrate the potential economic benefits from diverting electronic wastes within a region. The modeling framework we have developed is intended to be applicable to other regions and to other medium range durable goods discarded by households, businesses, or obtained from buildings.     

患心血管病老年人夏季PM2.5和CO的暴露特征及评价

运用室内外环境监测与问卷调查法相结合的研究方法,对北京市某社区33名患心血管疾病的老年人夏季PM2.5、CO的暴露特征作了研究评价.结果表明,老年人夏季PM2.5、CO的24h个体平均暴露浓度分别为89.6μg/m3,1.9×10-6.PM2.5室内外浓度呈现明显的时间变化特征,并受到气象因素及室内外源排放的共同影响.对老年人群室内外与固定站点CO、PM2.5质量浓度变化的相关性分析显示,室外及固定站点的PM2.5浓度受区域污染源影响较大,CO浓度受局地源影响较大;大气PM2.5可能是影响该社区老年人健康的主要污染物.     

北方城市冬季室内环境空气中正负离子浓度分布特征

使用ITC201A空气负离子测量仪测定了中国北方地区冬季室内正负离子浓度水平,按照空气质量评价标准评价了室内空气质量等级,研究了室内空间的正负离子浓度日变化,讨论了正负离子浓度与室内温度湿度之间的相关关系。研究结果表明:①中国东北地区冬季室内正负离子浓度水平极低,负离子平均为浓度46.9个/cm3,正离子平均浓度为52.0个/cm3,室内空气质量等级为中度和重度污染。②室内正负离子平均浓度在中午时刻均达到全天中的峰值阶段,全天中大部分时间正离子浓度高于负离子浓度;在室内人群活动和环境因子等因素复杂的影响下,正负离子平均浓度此消彼长的发生波动变化。③研究期间室内正负离子浓度变化与空气温度和湿度间未发现显著线性相关关系,环境因子的综合作用影响着室内正负离子的浓度变化水平。     

MSBR和滤布滤池组合工艺在中水回用中的应用

采用MSBR和滤布滤池的组合工艺处理污水,结果表明:该组合系统运行稳定,对污染物的去除效果明显,平均出水COD34.9 mg/L、BOD5 5.2 mg/L、SS 3.8 mg/L、NH4+-N 0.8 mg/L、TN 13.8 mg/L,TP 0.4 mg/L,完全满足<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T18...     

辽西北玉米不同生长阶段干旱灾害风险阈值的确定

以辽宁省西北6个市为研究区,选取玉米为研究对象,将其划分为播种期、苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆成熟期几个重要的生长阶段,综合气象与气候学、自然地理学、灾害科学、作物生态学和自然灾害风险科学等多学科的理论和方法,在充分考虑影响玉米干旱灾害动态风险的自然因素和人为因素的基础上,利用AHP、加权综合评价法、自然灾害指数法建立了玉米干旱灾害动态风险评价指标体系及模型;通过选取典型干旱案例年,运用最优分割理论在综合考虑玉米产量损失的基础上确定了玉米不同生长阶段的干旱灾害风险阈值,并用于玉米不同生长阶段干旱灾害风险值与玉米因旱减产损失的相关分析中。结果表明:辽西北地区玉米因旱减产损失与苗期干旱灾害风险值相关系数最大,玉米受苗期干旱灾害影响最严重;在灌浆成熟期相关性也较显著,受其影响也较大,这与辽西北地区春旱发生频率最高,伏旱时常发生的事实相符合。     

Fast and reversible adsorption for dibenzothiophene in fuel oils with metallic nano-copper supported on mesoporous silica

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dibenzothiophene (DBT) in fuel oils causes the release of toxic sulfur oxide gases, and it is necessary to remove DBT in fuels. Herein, metallic...     

Distribution and seasonal variation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential in the Huangpu River, China

Detection of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) in drinking water has led to rising concerns. There are, however, a paucity of studies on the distribution and seasonal variation of NDMA and NDMA formation potential(NDMA-FP) in natural waters, especially in China. For EDCs, limited studies have investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2), technical-nonylphenols(t-NP), and bisphenol A(BPA) in Shanghai. In this study, water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along the Huangpu River in 2012. The distribution and seasonal variation of EDCs, NDMA, and NDMA-FP were investigated. The results showed that all of the 11 sampling sites were contaminated by the target compounds. Compared with E2 and EE2, higher E1 and E3 concentrations were usually detected in the Huangpu River. The values of 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) suggest a high possibility of endocrine effects on exposed organisms in the Huangpu River. NDMA-FP and t-NP were the dominant contaminants among the eight target compounds. The detection rates of the target compounds and their concentrations were both higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons. Higher concentrations of target compounds were observed in urban sampling sites near drainage outlets, and also in suburban sampling sites where intensive livestock farming and farmlands were located.     

有机无机肥长期配施对果园土壤碳库及温室气体排放的影响

有机肥的施用可以提高土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量,在改善土壤质量,提升土壤肥力方面有重要意义.设4个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施有机肥（M）、单施化肥（NPK）和有机无机肥配施（MNPK）,研究长期有机无机配施下土壤有机碳和其活性组分含量变化,分析不同施肥措施对温室气体排放的影响,并评估了土壤碳库管理指数的变化.结果表明,与CK处理相比,MNPK处理的土壤总有机碳（TOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）、易氧化有机碳（EOC）和颗粒有机碳（POC）含量分别增加了82.84%、66.30%、21.12%、93.28%和145.80%.NPK处理对土壤总有机碳和有机碳组分含量无显著差异.有机无机配施有利于提高土壤碳库活度指数（LI）、土壤碳库指数（CPI）和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）,LI和CPI的增加是CPMI增加的主要原因.相关分析表明土壤有机碳组分和CPMI与温室气体排放呈显著正相关关系;有机无机配施增加了CO₂累积排放量和增温潜势（GWP）,但却能够降低温室气体排放强度（GHGI）;MNPK处理产量最高,为56365 kg ·hm^-2,较CK处理（29073 kg ·hm^-2）提高了93.87%.因此,旱地苹果园有机无机肥配施,可促进有机碳的累积,稳定土壤碳库,更有利于果园的可持续发展.