Nano-oxides washcoat for enhanced catalytic oxidation activity toward the perovskite-based monolithic catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore a superior washcoat material to give full play to the catalytic activity of perovskite active components on the monolithic...     

臭氧与过氧化钙协同降解甲基红废水

对单独臭氧（O₃）、臭氧与过氧化钙（O₃/CaO₂）联用技术降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究,考察了O₃流量、温度、废水初始pH值、CaO₂投加量、处理时间以及不同水基质等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响.结果表明,在O₃流量为48L/h,温度为26℃,初始pH值为6.2的纯水中降解10min,单独O₃处理对甲基红的降解率为86.1%.在此条件下投加CaO₂,投加量为6.9mmol/L时,O₃/CaO₂联用技术对甲基红废水的脱色率可达到94%.水基质中草酸的存在并不会对O₃/CaO₂联用体系的降解作用造成抑制.O₃/CaO₂联用体系在多种复杂水基质中都能达到较好的脱色效果.通过对比试验发现,O₃/CaO₂联用对甲基红的降解起协同作用,CaO₂不仅可以产生H₂O₂促进染料被O₃降解,而且CaO₂的吸附作用也有利于染料和污染物质的氧化去除.该联用工艺可高效地去除印染废水的色度,达到出水水质处理标准.     

The effects of current water management practices on methane emissions in Japanese rice cultivation

Cultivated wetland rice fields are a source of methane (CH₄) emissions. To estimate CH₄ emissions and develop policies to reduce such emissions, information on water management at the farm level is crucial. It is known that farmers implement midseason drainage (MD) to increase rice yields and save water. However, little is known about whether MD is carried out in soils where CH₄ emissions are high and how part-time status will influence management. The objective of this study is to identify factors that determine MD implementation using a binomial logistic regression model based on a farm-level survey in Japan and to indicate possible changes in estimates of CH₄ emissions, accounting for current water management practices. The implementation rates were significantly higher where the soil types were classified as having the potential for high CH₄ emissions. Under current water management practices, the duration of MD and the percentage of continuous flooding were 5 to 7 days longer and approximately 7 % higher, respectively, than the values used by the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, which in turn are used to report greenhouse gas emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. By accounting for current water conditions with the Tier 2 method, this study indicates that national estimates of CH₄ emissions from rice straw application areas could be lowered by 12.7 %. These results may contribute to the development of a mitigation policy that will help to further reduce CH₄ emissions.     

光合细菌对高浓度味精废水处理效果的影响

主要是在改进型SBR反应器中利用光合细菌来处理味精废水,即在传统的SBR反应器中加入半软性填料,研究光合细菌的两种代谢方式对味精废水COD的去除率影响和从味精废水生物处理反应器活性污泥和生物膜中富集分离光合细菌,结合光合细菌的细胞结构特点和代谢方式讨论其对活性污泥絮凝性能的影响。研究结果表明:在黑暗系统中,处理味精废水活性污泥絮凝性能较光照系统中的活性污泥絮凝性能相对有较大的提高;在黑暗条件下,光合细菌被强制进行有氧呼吸代谢方式,这样可以提高味精废水生物处理构筑物的有机物降解速率,出水COD优于光照好氧条件下的出水也比较清亮,有机物的去除率也有所提高。     

一体式膜生物反应器中环境条件对混合液粘度的影响研究

文章研究了一体式膜生物反应器中环境条件对混合液粘度的影响,以及混合液粘度对膜过滤阻力的影响。试验结果表明：混合液的粘度主要是由胞外聚合物引起的;混合液粘度随着胞外聚合物含量的变化而变化;混合液粘度与各操作条件之间存在一定的关系U=1．586（MESS）^0．614T^-0.106（DO）^0.4697;混合液粘度与膜过滤阻力有较好的相关性。     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.     

Treatment of phosphorus waste water using crystallization method

Phosphorus is the restrictive factor of water eutrophication and phosphorus removal is the key point to control this phenomenon. It's also important to recover phosphorus resource from wastewater. Crystallization method was used to treat and recycle high concentration phosphorus wastewater, the selection of organic solvent, influence of volume ratio of organic solvent and wastewater, precipitation time and stirring speed on the production of crystal and its structure was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, with ethanol as extractant, under the condition of volume ratio of ethanol to wastewater being 1.5:1 and stirring speed about 200 r/min, crystal precipitated fast with fine crystal shape and purity, phosphorus removal efficiency more than 85% was obtained.     

成都粘土去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

文章以成都粘土作为氨氮吸附剂,通过单因素探讨了用土量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、pH和静置时间5个因素对氨氮去除率的影响。研究表明,在用土量m=50 g/L,pH=8.0的条件下,以r=100 r/min搅拌40 min,并静置24 h后,粘土对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率可达到23.97%,粘土单位氨氮吸附率为7.14 mg/g。实验表明,粘土可有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,更便于生化法在后续处理中的应用,将其与生化法、矿物吸附法等物理方法组合使用,能更好地处理垃圾渗滤液。     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱法检测裙带菜中的多氯联苯和有机氯农药残留

建立微波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时检测裙带菜中多氯联苯和有机氯农药残留的方法.裙带菜风干、粉碎后,采用微波辅助萃取仪提取粗提液,经净化、脱酸、脱水、浓缩后,用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析检测.结果表明,本方法多氯联苯和有机氯农药的检出限分别在0.008—0.044 ng.g-1和0.029—0.273 ng.g-1之间,各组分线性相关系数均大于0.996,加标回收率为72%—131%,相对标准偏差在2%—16%之间(n=3).因此,本方法具有节省时间、减少污染、操作简单便捷等特点,可用于裙带菜等海洋藻类中多氯联苯和有机氯农药残留量的检测.     

开关型高压电网故障限流装置研制

针对日趋严重的电网短路电流超标问题,采用基于爆炸式快速开断载流桥体的大容量高速开关装置(Fast Switching Release,FSR)与限流电抗器一体技术研制了“节能型限流装置”,并在宁夏220 kV步桥变电站成功运行;基于高速大遮断容量真空断路器技术、短路电流快速识别技术、相控技术与限流电抗器相结合研制了“330 kV 开关型零损耗电网限流装置”,并在宁夏330 kV迎安I线成功进行2次短路试验。现场运行及试验结果表明:2种开关型高压电网故障限流装置从根本上解决了电网故障限流技术实用化中面临的安全性、可靠性以及经济性等关键问题,标志着电网故障限流技术取得了一个突破性的进展。